【摘要】 密立根油滴实验中，油滴荷电量的测量往往受各种误差的影响。研究发现，忽视温度变化对空气黏滞系数与油的密度的影响，是油滴实验中系统误差的主要来源，考虑其影响是获得理想的元电荷测定结果的必然要求。本研究设计了实时测温的实验方案，并根据温度变化校准实验参数。据此得到的元电荷测定结果，在本研究实验条件下，相对误差从未校准时的4%降至校准后的0.5%。实验结果验证了方案的可行性，以及对温度变化对参数影响所作修正的必要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the oil-drop experiment, a variety of factors contribute to the error in the measurement of electrical charge the oil drop carries. We suggest that neglecting temperature’s influence on viscosity of air and density of oil is a main factor in the experiment, and it is definitely required to take account to obtain fine measurement of elementary electrical charge. In our modified experiment, real-time temperature measurement and making correction for parameters according to the temperature are implemented. Using this method, the error of elementary charge measurement has reduced from 4% to 0.5% under our circumstance. Result of the experiment has proved the scheme applicable, which is necessary to take a consideration.更多还原