【摘要】 【目的】探明复合生物炭基功能肥对植烟根际土壤水稳性团聚体和酶活性的影响，为优质烤烟专用生物炭基肥的研制提供参考。【方法】采用田间小区试验，以单施生物炭基肥为对照（CK）,研究生物炭基肥60 g/穴+氟吡菌酰胺1 g/穴（T₁）和生物炭基肥60 g/穴+淡紫紫孢霉2×10⁹个孢子/穴（T₂）对植烟根际土壤团聚体稳定性和关键酶活性的影响。【结果】连续施肥2年后，大方和金沙试验地各处理[0.25,+∞)mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体的含量均增加。与2020年比，2021年大方和金沙单施生物炭基肥、生物炭基肥+氟吡菌酰胺和生物炭基肥+淡紫紫孢霉处理[0.25,+∞) mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体含量分别增加74.2%、39.2%、3.1%和99.5%、117.0%、135.5%;土壤水稳性团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）分别增加240.0%、161.7%、47.0%和270.3%、397.7%、310.7%,几何平均直径（GMD）分别增加378.5%、224.4%、68.2%和391.2%、462.8%、331.2%,且MWD和GMD均与[5,+∞)mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体呈极显著正相关关系。与CK比，2020年大方试验地生物炭基肥+氟吡菌酰胺处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别显著提高21.6%、37.2%和12.9%,生物炭基肥+淡紫紫孢霉处理土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高22.1%和35.9%;金沙试验地生物炭基肥+氟吡菌酰胺处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著提高13.2%,生物炭基肥+淡紫紫孢霉处理土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别显著提高105.2%和11.2%。2021年大方试验地生物炭基肥+氟吡菌酰胺处理土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别显著降低11.2%和61.8%,生物炭基肥+淡紫紫孢霉处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别显著降低20.9%、59.2%和4.0%;金沙试验地生物炭基肥+氟吡菌酰胺处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶分别显著降低10.3%、37.7%和9.1%,生物炭基肥+淡紫紫孢霉处理分别显著降低15.7%、29.0%和11.2%。【结论】连续2年施用复合生物炭基功能肥对大方土壤水稳性团聚体的作用效果表现不明显，金沙以施用生物炭基肥60 g/穴+淡紫紫孢霉2×10⁹个孢子/穴效果最佳；土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现出2020年提高，2021年降低现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】The effects of compound biochar-based fertilizer on water-stable aggregates and enzyme activity of tobacco-growing rhizosphere soil are explored to provide a reference for development of special biochar-based fertilizers in production of high quality flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The effects of biochar-based fertilizer（CK）, 60 g biochar-based fertilizer/hole + 1 g fluopyram/hole（T₁） and 60 g biochar-based fertilizer/hole + 2 ×10⁹ Purpureocillium lilacinum spores/hole（T₂） on water-stable aggregates and enzyme activity of tobacco-growing rhizosphere soil are studied by a field test.【Result】The content of [0.25,+∞) mm soil water-stable aggregate of T₁ and T₂ at Dafang and Jinsha test sites increases after two-year continuously fertilization. Compared with in 2020, the content of [0.25,+∞) mm soil water-stable aggregate of CK, T₁ and T₂ at Dafang and Jinsha test sites increase by 74.2%, 39.2% and 3.1%, and 99.5%, 117.0% and 135.5% in 2021 respectively; the MWD of soil water-stable aggregates of CK, T₁ and T₂ at Dafang and Jinsha test sites increase by 240.0%, 161.7% and 47.0%, and 270.3%, 397.7% and 310.7% in 2021 separately; the GMD of soil water-stable aggregates of CK, T₁ and T₂ at Dafang and Jinsha test sites increase by 378.5%, 224.4% and 68.2%, and 391.2%, 462.8% and 331.2% in 2021 respectively. The MWD and GMD both are positively related to [5,+∞) mm soil water-stable aggregate very significantly. The soil urease, sucrose and catalase activity of T₁ at Dafang test site increases by 21.6%, 37.2% and 12.9% compared with CK respectively. The soil urease and sucrose activity of T₂ at Dafang test site increases by 22.1% and 35.9% compared with CK separately. The soil catalase activity of T₁ at Jinsha test site increases by 13.2% compared with CK. The soil sucrose and catalase activity of T₂ at Jinsha test site increases by 105.2% and 11.2% compared with CK separately. The soil urease and sucrose activity of T₁ at Dafang test site decreases by 11.2% and 61.8% respectively. The soil urease, sucrose and catalase activity of T₂ at Dafang test site decreases by 20.9%, 59.2% and 4.0% compared with CK separately. The soil urease, sucrose and catalase activity of T₁ and T₂ at Jinsha test site decreases by 10.3%, 37.7% and 9.1%, and 15.7%, 29.0% and 11.2% compared with CK respectively.【Conclusion】Applying compound biochar-based fertilizer for two years has no obvious effect on soil water-stable aggregates at Dafang test site. Applying 60 g biochar-based fertilizer/hole + 2×10⁹ P. lilacinum spores/hole has the best effect on soil water-stable aggregates at Jinha test site. The soil urease, sucrose and catalase activity of applying 60 g biochar-based fertilizer/hole + 1 g fluopyram/hole and applying 60 g biochar-based fertilizer/hole + 2×10⁹ P. lilacinum spores/hole increases in 2020 and decreases in 2021.更多还原