【摘要】 为制备色彩饱和度高、不易褪色且制备过程环境友好的多彩纤维，研究人员开发了多种相关的技术，其中光子晶体形成的结构色纤维具有优良的特性。因此对近年来国内外关于光子晶体结构色纤维的研究进行了回顾，综述了组成结构色纤维的多维光子晶体的生色原理，重点总结了光子晶体结构色纤维的主要制备方法，包括传统纤维外部着色法、模板法组装和不同纺丝技术形成结构色纤维。大量的研究表明，光子晶体作为结构生色技术的基础材料，促进了光子晶体结构色纤维研究的蓬勃发展。此外，综述了多功能结构色纤维在穿戴、检测、传感等领域的研究和应用进展，分析了光子晶体纤维设计和应用的瓶颈问题，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。光子晶体纤维的机械性能、优异的色彩饱和度等光学性能和尺寸均匀性使其在可穿戴、传感、生物检测、环境响应等领域具有很好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Structural color is formed by utilizing microstructures to produce color through visible light scattering or interference. In the researches for fabrication of colorful fibers with high color saturation which are not easy to fade and are environmentally-friendly, formation of structural color fibers based on photonic crystals is an effective method. The application of structural color in the textile field mainly target at obtaining fabrics with highly color saturation and reducing the pollution caused by chemical dyeing, and for this reason structural color fibers have received much attention in recent years due to their significant potential applications in sensor and wearable device. This paper is set to review the research activities and applications of structural color fibers. Progress The review covers the color generation principles of the multidimensional photonic crystals that make up structural color fibers, and focuses on the main methods of preparing structural color fibers based on photonic crystals, including traditional fiber external coloring, template assembly and other different spinning technologies(Fig. 1). The method of structural color fibers formed by traditional fiber external coloring is to coat photonic crystal on the surface of fibers with external conditions to form structural color fibers. Among them, the most commonly used methods are convective self-assembly(Fig. 2), electrophoretic deposition, atomic layer deposition and magnetic assembly. The template assembly method(Fig. 3) is different from the structural color fibers formed by traditional fiber external coloring, in which colloidal microspheres are assembled on the template through capillary force and other effects with the help of the template to form photonic crystal fibers. An example is the formation of structural color fibers by rapidly self-assembling colloidal silica nanoparticles in capillary tubes. Electrostatic spinning(Fig. 4(a)) and microfluidic spinning(Fig. 4(b)) are common spinning techniques, and are also studied in the researches on formation of structural color fibers. In particular, microfluidic spinning technology is a spinning technology that can precisely control and manipulate micro-nano scale fluid. As shown in Fig. 4(b), point-aligned colloidal crystal fibers and structural color-coded fibers by integrating injectable photonic hydrogels with microfluidic assisted assembly methods are developed. Besides, the paper reviews the progress of researches and applications of multifunctional structural color fibers in the fields of wearability, detection and sensing.Conclusions and Prospect The advantages of photonic crystal structural color fibers are summarized. The bottlenecks in the design and applications of structural color fibers are analyzed, and their future developments are prospected. It can be concluded that photonic crystals, as the basic material of structure color generation technology, promote the vigorous development of photonic crystal structure color fiber researches. Structural color fibers with a certain mechanical properties, excellent optical properties and size uniformity show application potentials in wearable, sensing, biological detection, environmental response and other fields. There are several aspects about the future development of photonic crystal structural color fibers that need to be further explored and studied. Firstly, when assembling photonic crystals onto conventional fibers or forming photonic crystal structure color fibers by the template method, the assembly stability of photonic crystals has not been satisfactory. In order to improve the structural stability of photonic crystals on fibers, the material can be chemically modified to effectively enhance the bonding between the microspheres. Secondly, Use of optimal photonic crystal materials and addition of adhesive polymer materials would improve the mechanical properties of structural color fibers. Finally, the simpler and cheaper preparation process allows for industrial production. The exploration and improvement of these points will make the development and application of photonic crystal fibers more realistic.更多还原