【摘要】 债务催收是金融市场体系的内在组成部分，具有重要的经济和社会功能。在债务人违约与债务人保护之间、催收的个别化实践与标准化监管之间、催收对债务人及第三人信息的依赖与法律及监管对个人信息的严格保护之间，存在一定的冲突和矛盾，这既是催收被“污名化”的根源，也是当前监管的困境所在。债务催收的法律治理应从具体行为监管转向行业整体治理，具体包括：将催收机构定位为金融中介服务机构，推进专门立法，由金融监管机构作为行业主管机构；构建催收机构及催收人员的市场准入机制，对催收商业模式予以适度干预，完善具体催收行为的标准化并强化行业自律监管；构建催收行为中的个人信息处理规则，明确催收机构联系第三人的条件、范围和内容；允许催收机构从事借贷信息中介、小额贷款和不良资产处置等业务的混业经营，并构建类型化的风险控制规则；促进信用贷款行业监管、个人破产重整和清算等配套制度的完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Debt collection is an inherent component of the financial market system and has important economic and social functions. There are conflicts and contradictions between the debtors’ breaches of contracts and protection on the debtors, between the individualized practice of collection and the standardized supervision, between the reliance of collection on debtors’ and third-parties’ information and the strict protection of personal information by law and regulation. This is not only the root of the stigmatization of collection, but also the current dilemma of supervision. The legal governance on debt collection should shift from specific behavior supervision to overall industry governance, which includes: to position collection agencies as financial intermediary service institutions, promoting specialized legislation, and setting financial regulatory agencies as responsible agencies of the debt collection industry; to establish market access mechanism for collection agencies and their personnel, to moderately intervene in the collection business model, improve the standardization of specific collection behaviors, and strengthen the industry self-discipline supervision; to establish personal information processing rules in collection behaviors, and clarify the condition, scope, and content for collection agencies to contact third parties; to allow collection agencies to engage in mixed business operations such as lending information intermediaries, small loans, and non-performing asset disposal, and establish standardized risk control rules; to promote the improvements of supporting systems such as credit loan industry supervision, personal bankruptcy reorganization and liquidation.更多还原