【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程加快和工业化程度加大，水环境保护问题愈发突出。水质的实时监测是水质治理的重要前提之一。从水质实时监测发展历程中的各项技术谈起，介绍和比较多种光学传感法，并着重聚焦于新兴的量子点微型光谱传感技术。量子点光谱仪是基于胶体量子点材料的重建式微型光谱仪，具有成本较低、性能优良、发展潜力大等诸多优势，目前已实际应用到水环境实时监测中。最后总结并展望了水质实时监测技术未来的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of urbanization and the deepening degree of industrialization in China, the problem of water environment protection is becoming increasingly prominent. Real-time water quality monitoring is one of the important preconditions of water quality management. In the view of the development of real-time water quality monitoring, we introduce and compare a variety of optical sensing methods, and mainly focus on the emerging quantum dot micro-spectral sensing technology. Quantum dot spectrometer is a miniaturized reconstructive spectrometer based on colloidal quantum dot materials, with the advantages of low cost, excellent performance and great development potential and so on. It has been practically applied in real-time monitoring of water environment. Finally, the future development direction of real-time water quality monitoring technology is summarized and prospected.更多还原