【摘要】 活单细胞分析对于揭示细胞异质性、理解生物学过程和机制以及重大疾病预防和早期诊断具有重要意义。胞内传递是基因编辑、药物递送和免疫疗法等的关键步骤，目前存在多种胞内传递方法，多以群体细胞为研究基础，只能实现单一方向传递，传递效率有限，并且多数细胞活性受到影响。基于纳米尖端结构的活单细胞胞内传递方法能够穿越细胞膜，在膜内外建立通道，物质传递过程中基本不会影响细胞的活性，能够实现双向传递，细胞利用率高，可实现单细胞定位及定量胞内传递。本文综述了基于纳米尖端结构的活单细胞胞内传递方法近年的研究进展。根据纳米尖端结构是否中空，分为实心纳米尖端和空心纳米尖端两类，总结了纳米尖端结构的材质、尺寸及制备方法，讨论了基于纳米尖端结构的活单细胞胞内传递方法的驱动力、原理、优缺点及应用，最后，对基于纳米尖端结构的活单细胞胞内传递方法的未来发展趋势进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Living single-cell analysis is of great significance for revealing cell heterogeneity, understanding biological processes and mechanisms, and preventing and early diagnosing major diseases. Intracellular delivery is a key step in gene editing, drug delivery and immunotherapy, etc. At present, there are many intracellular delivery methods, most of which are based on population cells and can only achieve a single direction of delivery. Moreover,the delivery efficiency is limited, and the activity of most cells is affected using these methods. However, the intracellular delivery methods of living single cells based on the nanotip structure can pass through the cell membrane and establish channels inside and outside the membrane. In the process of cargos delivery, the activity of the single cells is basically not affected, and the bidirectional delivery can be achieved with a high cell utilization rate. What is more, single-cell localization and quantitative intracellular delivery can be realized. In order to comprehensively understand the current situation of intracellular delivery of living single cells based on nanotip structures and promote the research and development of intracellular delivery methods, the research progresses of intracellular delivery methods of living single cells based on nanotip structures in recent years were reviewed in this paper. According to whether the nanotip structure is hollow or not, it can be divided into two categories: solid nanotips and hollow nanotips. The materials, sizes and preparation methods of nanotip were summarized. The driving force, principle, advantages and disadvantages of intracellular delivery methods based on nanotip structures were discussed. Finally, the development trend of these methods based on nanotip structures was prospected.更多还原