【摘要】 由于传统的地基变形计算方法应用于计算大型基础下层状土变形的局限性，在对国内外非自由场(受载)层状土的变形性能研究现状及其发展趋势进行深入分析的基础上，总结了非自由场层状土的体变理论在工程应用中尚存在的问题。结果表明，目前对层状土的静动力体变特性研究还不够深入，现有方法不能在宏微观两个层面上表征土骨架与孔隙水的相互作用，无法同时考虑地基中不同类型土的本构关系、物理力学性质及基底有效附加应力的空间传递与叠加过程，导致计算结果与实际情形相差甚远，只能靠引入经验系数的做法来解决问题。基于此，选取适用于描述非自由场层状土体变特性的理论方法，揭示土-水-力多场耦合作用下复杂地基土的变形演化规律，构建科学合理的层状土体变预测模型，是今后需要深入研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the limitation of traditional methods used for calculating deformation of layered soils under large building foundations, problems in engineering applications are summarized systematically about deformation theory of layered soils on the basis of detailed description of present progresses in domestic and foreign researches on bulk variation behavior and deformation computation of loaded layered soils. The results show that less studies have accomplished the static and dynamic volumetric characteristics of layered soils, existing methods cannot characterize the interaction between soil skeleton and pore water at both macro and micro levels, and the methods are not possible to simultaneously consider the respective constitutive relationship of different types of soils, physical and mechanical properties, and spatial transfer and superposition process of effective additional stress. As a result, a significant discrepancy may generate between the calculated results and the actual situation. Therefore, the problem can only be solved by introducing an empirical coefficient. Based on the above situation, the following aspects should be deeply improved in the future: the theoretical method used to describe the deformation characteristics of loaded layered soils, the deformation evolution law of complex foundation soil under the coupled soil-water-force conditions, and the scientific and reasonable prediction model for layered soils deformation.更多还原