【摘要】 本研究采用不同施肥处理的盆栽试验方法对宁化水土流失区油茶园土壤肥力和油茶苗生长的影响进行探讨。设计了不施肥处理（CK）、施用传统复合肥料（FH）、施用保水型复合微生物肥料（J）对比实验，其中保水型复合微生物肥料以蛋鸡粪为发酵基质，添加可高效合成γ-聚谷氨酸的枯草芽孢杆菌固体功能菌剂制成，分四个浓度梯度（J 0.25、J 0.5、J 0.75、J 1.0），分析不同浓度施肥处理下油茶园盆栽红壤理化性质和油茶苗生长特征，并讨论适宜油茶苗的生长的施肥浓度。结果表明：(1)在不同施肥试验后，FH组土壤pH与CK相比无显著差异，J组施肥调控后四种施肥浓度的土壤pH值均显著高于CK(P<0.05)其中pH值分别为CK的1.18、1.28、1.29、1.39倍。FH土壤有机质含量、全氮含量与CK无显著差异，有效磷含量与速效钾含量显著高于CK(P<0.05)，且有效磷含量显著高于J 0.2，低于J 0.5、J 0.75、J 1.0，速效钾含量显著高于四个浓度的保水型复合微生物肥料。在保水型复合微生物肥料施肥处理后，土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量与速效钾含量均显著高于CK(P<0.05)，其中土壤有机质含量分别为CK的2.23、3.09、3.44、4.38倍，土壤全氮含量分别为CK的2.42、2.72、2.49、4.42倍，土壤有效磷含量为CK的143.3、257.8、304.78、297.03倍，土壤中速效钾含量分别为CK的1.68、1.59、1.59、2.07倍。(2)试验7个月后，FH叶绿素相对含量SPAD值与CK相比无显著差异，J组叶绿素含量SPAD值均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。油茶苗叶片叶绿素SPAD含量与土壤养分具有较强的相关性。施肥浓度控制在J 0.5时最适宜油茶苗生长。本研究可为寻找油茶苗适宜的保水型复合微生物肥料施肥浓度提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The potted experiments with different fertilization treatments were used to investigate the effects of soil fertility and seedling growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings plantation in the soil erosion area of Ninghua County. A comparative experiment was designed among the application groups of no fertilization treatment(CK), the traditional compound fertilizer(FH) and the water-retaining composite microbial fertilizer(J). Of which, the waterretaining composite microbial fertilizer was made of laying hens’ manure as fermentation substrate with the addition of solid functional bacteria of Bacillus subtilis which could efficiently synthesize γ-polyglutamic acid. Four concentration gradients(J 0.25, J 0.5, J 0.75, J 1.0) under different fertilization treatments were used for the analysis of the physicochemical properties and growth characteristics of Camellia oleifera seedlings plantation in the pot red soil, so as to discuss the suitable fertilization concentration for the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings. The results showed as follows:(1) There was no significant difference in soil pH between groups of FH and CK, while the soil pH values with four gradients in group J after different fertilization concentrations were significantly higher than CK(P<0.05), the pH values were 1.18, 1.28, 1.29, 1.39 times of group CK, respectively. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content and total N content between groups of FH and CK. The content of available P and rapidly available K was significantly higher than that of group CK( P < 0.05), and the content of available P was significantly higher than that of group of J 0.25, lower than that of group J 0.5, J 0.75 and J 1.0. The content of rapidly available K was significantly higher than that of four concentrations of water-holding compound microbial fertilizer. After fertilization treatment of water-retaining compound microbial fertilizer, soil organic matter content,total N, rapidly available P content, and rapidly available K content were significantly higher than group CK after soil fertilization treatment(P<0.05). Of which, soil organic matter content was 2.23, 3.09, 3.44, 4.38 times than group CK, soil total N content was 2.42、2.72、2.49、4.42 times than group CK, soil available P content was 143.3, 257.8, 304.78, 297.03 times than group CK, soil rapidly available K content was 1.68, 1.59, 1.59, 2.07 times of group CK, respectively.(2) After 7 months of the experiment, there was no significant difference in SPAD value of chlorophyll content between groups of FH and CK and chlorophyll content SPAD of group J was significantly higher than group CK(P<0.05). There was a strong correlation between chlorophyll SPAD content and soil nutrients.Among them, the J 0.5 fertilization concentration was more suitable for the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings.This study can provide a scientific basis for finding a suitable concentration of water-retaining composite microbial fertilizer for Camellia oleifera seedlings.更多还原