【摘要】 为了探究污水处理过程中微生物多样性及其功能，文章以哈尔滨市某城市污水处理厂为研究对象，采用高通量测序及水化学分析方法对进水口、曝气池及出水口的水质样本分别进行细菌群落结构及环境因子的测定分析。结果表明，该污水处理工艺对COD、BOD₅、NH₄⁺-N、TP、TN均有明显的去除作用，其中除TN外去除率均在93%以上，NH₄⁺-N的去除率最高，达99%。污水中微生物群落鉴定检出细菌分属于15门、28纲、64目、92科和115属。通过细菌微生物群落Alpha多样性分析发现，曝气池中细菌群落多样性最高。其中环境中的优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacter）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、弯曲杆菌门（Campilobacterota）、髌骨细菌门（Patescibacteria）。其中Bacteroidota与Campilobacterota在H1中丰度最高，分别为44.62%、24.62%,Patescibacteria在H2中丰度最高，为23.45%,Proteobacter与Firmicutes在H3中丰度最高，分别为47.57%、16.6%。研究区域污水的细菌群落基因功能主要由化能异氧、好氧化能异氧、光异氧、光营养、硝酸盐还原、芳香类化合物降解等40个基因功能组成，其中光异氧、光营养、好氧化能异氧、硝酸盐还原等功能随处理工艺的进行，基因功能丰度逐渐上升。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the microbial diversity and its function in the process of wastewater treatment,a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Harbin was selected as the research object.High-throughput sequencing and hydrochemical analysis were used to measure and analyze the bacterial community structure and environmental factors of water samples from the water intake,aeration tank and outlet,respectively.The results show that the wastewater treatment process has obvious removal effects on COD,BOD₅,NH₄⁺-N,TP and TN,among which the removal rate except TN is above 93%,and NH₄⁺-N is the highest,up to 99%.The bacteria in the sewage were identified as 15 phyla,28 classes,64 orders,92 families and 115 genera.The diversity of bacterial community was the highest in aeration tank.Among them,the dominant bacteria in the environment are Proteobacter,Bacteroidota,Firmicutes,Campilobacterota and Patescibacteria.The abundance of Bacteroidota and Campilobacterota was the highest in H1 （44.62%and 24.62%respectively）,and the abundance of Patescibacteria was the highest in H2 （23.45%）.Proteobacter and Firmicutes had the highest abundance in H3,which were 47.57%and 16.6%,respectively.The gene functions of bacterial community in the wastewater in the study area are mainly composed of chemoheterotrophy,aerobic＿chemoheterotrophy,photoheterotrophy,photonutrition and nitrate Nitrate＿reduction,aromatic＿hydrocarbon＿degradation and other 40 genes.Phototrophy,phototrophy,aerobic＿chemoheterotrophy,nitrate＿reduction and other functions of aerobic＿chemoheterotrophy go with the processing process.Gene functional abundance gradually increased.更多还原