【摘要】 针对地铁线路产生的钢轨异常波磨问题，调研了某地铁线路的钢轨波磨情况以及基本特征，对轨道刚度、钢轨廓形、轨距以及轨道动力特征进行测试，提出钢轨异常波磨的治理思路，并对波磨治理效果进行跟踪测试，提出既有线以及新建地铁线路钢轨波磨的治理以及预防方案。研究表明：地铁钢轨波磨较为严重，波长在25～100mm之间；轨道垂向刚度、横向刚度整体较弱，钢轨位移大，保持轨距能力差，轮轨关系恶化，在特定频段范围内轮轨振动加剧，从而引起钢轨波磨的产生和发展。通过更换扣件及垫板、轨道精测精调、钢轨打磨措施可以使车内噪声降低5～10 dB，轨面不平顺显著降低，打磨周期延长至1倍以上；既有线路可通过“细调查、调参数、精维修、动态检查”治理钢轨波磨，新建地铁线路应在规划、设计、运营维护、动态验收阶段严格把关，合理采用减振轨道，避免钢轨异常波磨的产生和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper addresses the issue of abnormal rail corrugation in subway lines. We investigated the corrugation situation and key characteristics of a specific subway line, conducting tests on track stiffness, rail profile, gauge, and dynamic track properties. From this, we proposed a treatment approach for abnormal rail corrugation, tracking and assessing the effectiveness of the treatments, and suggesting prevention and treatment plans for rail corrugation in both existing and newly constructed subway lines. Results showed significant wave grinding of subway rails, with wavelengths ranging between 25 and 100 mm.The vertical and lateral stiffness of the track was found to be weak, causing large rail displacement and poor gauge maintenance.Consequently, the wheel-rail relationship deteriorated, and wheel-rail vibrations intensified within specific frequency ranges,leading to the emergence and development of rail wave grinding. By implementing corrective measures such as replacing fasteners and pads, conducting detailed track adjustments, and rail grinding, we achieved a reduction in car noise levels by 5-10 dB, significantly decreased rail roughness, and more than doubled the grinding period. Existing lines could be treated using a strategy of “detailed investigation, parameter adjustment, fine maintenance, and dynamic inspection”. For new subway lines, stringent control in the planning, design, operation, and maintenance phases, along with dynamic acceptance, is recommended. The reasonable use of vibration-damping tracks should be employed to prevent the occurrence and progression of abnormal rail wave grinding.更多还原