【摘要】 受土体性质、周边施工、列车长期动力荷载作用等因素影响，轨道基础不均匀沉降问题时有发生，导致列车限速并加剧轨道结构损伤，给铁路和地铁运营造成重大安全隐患。因此，对轨道基础不均匀沉降开展监测或预测研究具有十分重要的意义。为及时监测及识别轨道基础不均匀沉降，国内外学者开展了大量研究，文中回顾了轨道基础不均匀沉降监测技术及相关的仪器设备，并综述了轨道基础不均匀沉降的预测识别方法，主要包括曲线拟合方法和智能预测方法。最后，在调研分析的基础上总结了现有研究的不足，并提出对未来研究的思考和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the influence of soil properties, surrounding construction, and long-term dynamic load of trains,the uneven settlement of railway subgrade and subway tunnel may occur, which leads to speed limit of trains and aggravates the damage of track structures, causing significant potential safety hazards for railway and subway operation. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor and predict the uneven settlement of track foundation. In order to monitor and identify the uneven settlement of track foundation, scholars have carried out a lot of research. The monitoring technologies and relevant instruments and equipment of uneven settlement of track foundation are reviewed, and the predictive identification methods of uneven settlement of track foundation are summarized, which mainly include curve fitting method and intelligent prediction methods. Finally, the shortcomings of state of art are listed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.更多还原