【摘要】 上呼吸道感染是由病毒或细菌感染引起，以鼻塞、咳嗽等局部症状为主的急性感染性疾病，极易向下呼吸道迁延而出现哮喘、支气管炎、肺炎等多种并发症。该病在中医学上称为伤风、外感发热，为肺气不足，肾血不纳所致。中医药治疗采用辨证论治、分型防治、内外兼治的方式，能扶正祛邪，补阴固阳，具有突出优势。但中药成分复杂，系统地确定中药活性成分及复方治疗上呼吸道感染的作用和机制仍有挑战性。目前上呼吸道感染多见小儿外感、反复上感，治疗手段主要集中于外治法，对于内治法中单味中药或复方成分的协同作用、药效作用、抗炎机理、具体靶点通路均不明确。本研究从中医治疗途径、单味中药和临床复方应用效果及作用机制等方面对上呼吸道感染中药治疗进行阐述，就中药活性成分、单味中药提取物、经典名方在上呼吸道感染中的治疗作用及机制进行总结分析，以期为寻求有效药物，开发新型制剂，加强中医药的临床应用提供依据和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Upper respiratory tract infection is an acute infectious disease caused by virus or bacterial infection, mainly with nasal congestion, cough and other local symptoms. It is very easy to infect to the lower respiratory tract, resulting in asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and other complications. This disease is called cold and exogenous fever in traditional Chinese medicine. It is caused by insufficiency of lung Qi and insufficiency of kidney blood. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment adopts the method of syndrome differentiation, type based prevention and treatment, and both internal and external treatment, which can support healthy Qi and eliminate pathogenic factors, replenish Yin and consolidate Yang, and has outstanding advantages in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. However, the composition of traditional Chinese medicine is complex, and it is still challenging to determine the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and the role and mechanism of compound prescriptions in treating upper respiratory tract infections. At present, upper respiratory tract infections are mainly treated with external sensations in children, recurrent sensations, and other types of treatment. The treatment methods mainly focus on external treatment methods, and the synergistic effects, pharmacological effects, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and target pathways of single traditional Chinese medicine or compound ingredients in internal treatment methods are not clear. This article elaborates the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of upper respiratory tract infections from the aspects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment approach, the clinical effect and action mechanism of single Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compound, and the therapeutic effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients, single Chinese medicine extract and classic famous prescription were summarized and analyzed in order to provide basis and reference for seeking effective drugs, developing new formulations, and promoting the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.更多还原