【摘要】 慈善事业是社会团体、民间人士等志愿进行的服务他人的公益事业，但其发展离不开国家社会政策引导和制约。当代中国慈善事业发展历经四个阶段，每个阶段都受到国家政策的极大影响。第一个阶段是新中国成立至改革开放的30年，这个阶段受到“左”倾思想影响，慈善被定性为资产阶级的“伪善”而遭到否定，慈善组织解散或撤销，慈善事业遭受严重挫折被迫中断。第二个阶段是改革开放后到20世纪80年代末，在国家放权和“社会福利社会办”政策指导下，一批基金会次第建立起来，中断了30多年的慈善事业开始复苏。第三个阶段是20世纪90年代以后至2010年，慈善得以“脱帽加冕”，得到“正名”，社会主义慈善事业成为主流话语。中央对慈善的作用和评价日渐升高，慈善被纳入到国家制度设计体系，国家出台了一系列政策对慈善事业发展进行支持、鼓励、倡导。第四个阶段是进入21世纪第二个10年，慈善事业被赋予重任，在脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会中发挥独特作用。为了加快慈善事业发展，国家废除了慈善组织“双重管理”制度，颁布《中华人民共和国慈善法》和系列配套法规条例和办法，慈善事业在法制的保护下加快发展，在未来实现共同富裕、建设中国特色社会主义现代化强国中，将发挥更大作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Charity is a voluntary public welfare undertaking by social organizations and private individuals to serve others, but its development needs the guidance and restriction of national social policies. The development of philanthropy in contemporary China has gone through four stages, each of which has been greatly influenced by national policies.The first stage covered more than 30 years from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up. During this stage, influenced by the "left-deviation" ideology, charity was negated as the "hypocrisy" of the bourgeoisie. So charitable organizations were dissolved or revoked, and charity was forced to to let up due to serious setbacks. The second stage stretched from the reform and opening up to the late 1980s, when the government delegated power to the society and encouraged social organizations to take charge of the cause of social welfare. Under this policy, a number of foundations were successively established, and the charitable undertakings that had been interrupted for more than 30 years were restored. The third stage was from the 1990s to 2010, when charity was more valued, and socialist charity became the mainstream discourse. The role and value of charity continued to gain importance from the central government, charity was included in the design system of the national system, and the state issued a series of policies to support, encourage and advocate the development of charity. In the fourth stage, philanthropy was entrusted with an important task and played a unique role in poverty alleviation and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the second decade of the 21st century. In order to speed up the development of philanthropy, the state abolished the "dual management" system of charitable organizations and promulgated the Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China and a series of supporting rules,regulations and measures. Under the protection of the legal system, philanthropy has accelerated its development and will play a greater role in achieving common prosperity and building a modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics in the future.更多还原