【摘要】 清代勘验是一种所涉范围广泛的政府行为，包括：官学考验，保举验看，捐纳验看，肃贪验赃，武备勘验，军兵勘验，刑法核验，工程勘验，仓库察验，盐、茶、漕验，民生核验。由此，诞生了专门的验勘机构及相应的验勘文书。从宋元申状发展到清代申文，是公文发展史上的一大变革。申状、申、验是一脉相传的文种。文章还分析了清代申文分解为“验文”“详文”的内在依据和外在特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Kanyan is a wide-ranging government actions in the Qing Dynasty, including official school tests, recommendation tests, donation inspections, anti-corruption inspections, military equipment inspections, military inspections, criminal law inspections, engineering inspections, warehouse inspections, salt, tea, water transportation inspections and people’s livelihood inspections. As a result, specialized Kanyan agencies and Kanyan records and documents were created. Shenzhuang from the Song and Yuan Dynasties to Shenwen in the Qing Dynasty was a magnificent change and feat in the history of the official documents. The record type of Shen was used among three official ranks, and the record types, namely Shenzhuang, Shen, and Yan, are derived from the same origin. The article also analyzes the internal basis and external characteristics of the decomposition of Shenwen in the Qing Dynasty into Yanwen and Xiangwen.更多还原