【摘要】 【目的】研究夏秋茶生产技术，提高夏秋茶产量和品质，从而增加茶农收入。【方法】本研究设计RT1（留养28 d后采摘）和RT2（留养38 d后采摘）两个留养时间，CK（不施氮肥）、N1(全年氮肥用量300kg N·ha^-1)和N2(全年氮肥用量600 kg N·ha^-1)三个氮肥施用水平，研究施肥和留养对两轮次夏秋茶采摘新梢生长和品质的影响（其中第二轮新梢留养时间均为30 d）。【结果】施用氮肥提高了夏秋茶产量，其中RT1两轮次夏秋茶总产量N1和N2处理分别较CK提高了20.2%和31.5%,RT2处理施肥后产量略有增加。施用氮肥主要提高了第二轮次新梢的氨基酸含量和氮含量，对第一轮次新梢品质未有显著影响，施用氮肥后RT1和RT2处理新梢氨基酸分别较CK处理提高16.2%～16.8%和8.8%～9.1%、RT2新梢氮浓度较CK提高了5.7%～6.2%，两个氮肥处理间未见显著差异。延长留养时间提高了夏秋茶产量，两轮次新梢总产量RT2比RT1提高86%～124%，且主要由第一轮采摘新梢产量的提高引起。留养时间影响新梢机械组成和氨基酸含量，第一轮新梢1芽4叶及以上组分在RT1处理下占49.1%,RT2处理下提高到约76.5%；第二轮新梢在同样留养时间下，RT1处理以1芽4叶及以上为主（占45.4%），而RT2以1芽2叶和1芽3叶为主（分别占比39.5%和39.2%）；不同留养时间新梢成熟度的差异也导致了新梢氨基酸含量的差异，第一轮新梢氨基酸含量RT2较RT1下降了7.9%～26.4%，而第二轮新梢氨基酸含量RT2比RT1高29.2%～38.3%。【结论】施用氮肥可以提高夏秋茶产量和第二轮次新梢的品质，留养时间可以改变夏秋茶产量和品质，因此茶农在开展夏秋茶生产时要应注重施用氮肥从而提高夏秋茶的产量和氨基酸含量，同时应根据生产需求进行留养和采摘。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Improvements on yield and quality of tea harvested in summer and autumn through nitrogen fertilization and retention time were investigated. 【Method】Various designed treatments on tea bushes including RT1（i.e., leaf-plucking 28 d after fertilization） and RT2（i.e., leaf-plucking 38 d after fertilization） along with an annual Nfertilizer application of no N addition（CK）, 300 kg N·ha^-1（N1） or 600 kg N·ha^-1（N2） were implemented on a plantation lot. Two consecutive seasons were conducted for the experiment, but for the second harvest tea leaves were plucked with a 30 d retention time. Effects of the treatments on growth and quality of summer and autumn young shoots were determined. 【Result】N-fertilization increased the yield of summer and autumn teas with a total yield increase of 20.2%by N1 and that of 31.5% by N2 over that by CK under RT1, whereas the increases by RT2 were not significant. The application also increased the amino acid and N in leaves during the second harvest, but not in the first-round picks. The amino acids in the new shoots on the bushes treated with RT1 increased by 16.2%^-16.8% and with RT2 by 8.8%-9.1%over CK. The N in leaves of RT2 treatment increased by 5.7%-6.2% over CK, but there was no significant difference between N1 and N2. Extended retention time of the fertilization improved yields of both summer and autumn teas. The combined yield of the two seasons was 86^-124% higher under RT2 than under RT1 with the increase mainly contributed by the first harvest. The length of time between fertilization and leaf-plucking affected the physical composition and amino acid content of the new shoots. In the first season, the one-bud-and-4-leaves and above constituted 49.1% of all young shoots under RT1, while it rose close to 76.5% under RT2. In comparison, in the second season, RT1 produced largely one-bud-and 4-leaves with a proportion of 45.4%, whereas RT2 yielded about equally one-bud-and-2-leaves（39.5% of total） and one-bud-and-3-leaves（39.2% of total）. Age of the tea leaves appeared to impact the amino acid content of young shoots as well as indicated by the 7.9%-26.4% lower content in the shoots of the first seasonal picks, but29.2%-38.3% higher of the subsequent harvest, under RT2 than under RT1. 【Conclusion】N-fertilization improved the yield of the young shoots of summer and autumn teas as well as the quality of tea plucked in the second season.Prolonged retention time of the fertilization also altered the yield and quality of the teas. These conditions could be significantly consequential to the plantation operation.更多还原