【摘要】 为改善5083Al和304不锈钢爆炸焊接质量，提升隔热效果，本研究采用1060Al、TA1和Ni作夹层材料，制备了具有热传导梯度的五层爆炸复合板。为消除爆炸焊接后的残余应力，减少绝热剪切带和微裂纹等缺陷，采用550℃×60min退火工艺对五层爆炸复合板进行退火处理，并通过SEM、EBSD和万能试验机等手段，分析研究退火对其组织演化及力学性能的影响。结果表明：五层爆炸复合板的4个焊接界面均呈波形，且在界面处存在微裂纹、孔洞、绝热剪切带和漩涡区等缺陷。经退火处理，4个焊接界面均发生不同程度的再结晶，微裂纹、绝热剪切带等缺陷得到有效改善；5083Al/1060Al/TA1界面的β相和Al-Ti金属间化合物增多，TA1/Ni界面在原TiNi₃熔化层的基础上新增TiNi熔化层和Ti₂Ni熔化层。界面抗拉剪强度均有所降低，但均仍远高于相应国标使用要求；拉脱试样在5083Al/1060Al界面断裂分离。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the quality of explosive welding of 5083Al and 304 stainless steel and improve the thermal insulation effect, 1060Al, TA1 and Ni were used as interlayer materials to p repare a five-layer explosive composite plate with thermal conductivity gradient. In order to eliminate the residual stress after explosive welding and reduce defects such as adiabatic shear bands and micro-cracks, the five-layer explosive composite plate was annealed at 550℃ for 60 min. The effect of annealing on its microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was studied by SEM, EBSD and universal testing machine. The results show that the four welding interfaces of the five-layer explosive composite plate are all corrugated, and there are defects such as micro-cracks, pores, adiabatic shear bands and vortex areas at the interfaces. After annealing, the four welding interfaces are recrystallized to different degrees, and the defects such as microc racks and adiabatic shear bands are effectively improved. β phase and Al-Ti intermetallics are increased in amount in the 5083Al/1060Al/TAl interfaces. On the basis of the original TiNi₃ melting layer, a new TiNi melting layer and a new Ti₂Ni melting layer appear in the TAl/Ni interface. The tensile and shear str engths of the interface are decreased, but they are still far higher than the requirements of the corresponding national standards; the pull-off samples are fractured and separated at the 5083Al/1060Al interface.更多还原