【摘要】 构建2319铝合金电弧增材制造热-弹-塑性有限元模型(FEM),计算成形过程瞬态温度场和熔合线附近温度梯度，分析工艺参数对熔池温度场的影响。研究不同工艺参数下熔池温度场分布规律，结果表明，温度梯度随电流的增加和基板移动速度的减小而增加。在温度场计算的基础上，利用热-弹-塑性有限元模型研究电弧增材过程残余应力的演化和分布规律。单道沉积情况下基板上纵向应力为压应力，沉积层内为拉应力，且纵向应力在数值上与等效应力接近，最大应力出现在沉积层中间部分。研究工艺参数对沉积层应力的影响规律，结果表明，提高基板移动速度可以降低沉积层内部的等效应力和纵向应力，而增大电流则会使沉积层内的等效应力和纵向应力增大。结合温度场结果可知，熔池内温度梯度与残余应力的大小呈正相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Athermal elastic plastic finite element method(FEM) for the wire and arc additive manufacturing( WAAM) of 2319 aluminum alloy was established. The instantaneous temperature field and the temperature gradient near fusion line were calculated, and the effects of processing parameters on the temperature field of melting pool were analyzed. The distribution rules of temperature field under different processing parameters were investigated, it was found that the increase in current and the decrease in substrate movement speed would cause the temperature gradient to increase. On the basis of temperature field calculation, the evolution and distribution rules of residual stress in WAAM were investigated by thermal elastic plastic finite element method. In the case of single-layer deposition, the longitudinal stress in the substrate was compressive stress, the inside of the deposited layer suffered tensile stress. The longitudinal stress was close to the von Mises stress in value; the maximum stress was in the middle part of the deposited layer. The stress distributions of the deposition layer under different processing parameters were investigated, and it was found that increasing the substrate moving speed could reduce the von Mises stress and longitudinal stress inside the deposition layer, while the current would increase the von Mises stress and longitudinal stress. Combined with the temperature field results, it could be found that the residual stress was positively associated with the temperature gradient in the molten pool.更多还原