【摘要】 目前，治疗创伤、先天畸形、肿瘤组织切除等原因造成的大段骨缺损仍是骨科手术面临的主要挑战。利用骨组织工程支架代替自体骨移植在缺损部位进行骨重建为解决该问题带来新的方案。鉴于理想骨组织工程支架应具备良好生物相容性、适宜生物降解性、与骨组织相匹配的力学性能以及抗菌性等特征，多孔Zn基支架可能成为理想骨组织工程支架的最佳候选者。然而，近些年的研究发现目前开发的多孔Zn基支架存在力学性能差、体外浸泡及植入体内初期降解速率相对较快导致过量Zn2+释放、高浓度Zn2+能够抑菌杀菌但也会使Zn基支架细胞毒性增强进而导致支架植入体内后出现骨整合延迟等问题。鉴于此，近些年关于多孔Zn基支架的研究主要聚焦于改善支架力学性能、调控支架降解速率，同时赋予支架抑菌杀菌性能和良好生物相容性等方面。研究者们主要采取了对多孔Zn支架进行合金化处理、控制孔隙率、控制孔隙形貌和尺寸等手段来提高多孔Zn基支架的力学性能，同时实现对多孔Zn基支架降解速率的调控。此外，也有研究者利用电偶腐蚀原理调控多孔支架的降解速率。由于多孔Zn基支架降解过程中释放的Zn2+严重影响支架的抑菌杀菌性能和生物相容性，且抑菌杀菌性能和良好生物相容性对Zn2+浓度需求恰好相反，故目前对于同时赋予支架抑菌杀菌性能和良好生物相容性的有效手段仍在探索研究中。本文归纳了可降解多孔Zn基骨组织工程支架在制备方法、力学性能、生物降解性能、抑菌杀菌性能和生物相容性等方面的研究进展，分析了多孔Zn基骨组织工程支架面临的问题并展望了其前景，以期为制备力学性能优异、降解速率适宜可控并同时具备抑菌杀菌性能和良好生物相容性的多孔Zn基骨组织工程支架提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Treatment of large bone defects caused by trauma, congenital anomalies, and tissue resection due to cancer is still one of the major challenges in orthopedic surgery at present. The use of bone tissue engineering scaffolds instead of autologous bone grafts to reconstruct bone tissue at the defect site brings a new solution to this problem. Considering that the ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold should have good biocompatibility, suitable biodegradability, mechanical properties matching the bone tissue, and antibacterial property, the porous Zn-based scaffold may become the best candidate for the ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. However, investigation results in recent years show that the currently developed porous Zn-based scaffolds have poor mechanical properties, a relatively fast degradation rate at the initial stage of immersion in vitro or implantation in vivo and excessive Zn2+release. Although Zn2+with high concentrations can inhibit bacteria and kill bacteria,the cytotoxicity of the scaffold caused by the Zn2+is also improved. As a result, the bone integration ability of the scaffold in vivo can be delayed.In view of the fact, the research on the porous Zn-based scaffolds in recent years has mainly focused on improving the mechanical properties of the scaffold, regulating the degradation rate of the scaffold, and imparting antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility to the scaffold material. The researchers mainly adopted methods such as alloying, controlling the porosity, and controlling the pore morphology and pore size of the porous scaffold to improve the mechanical properties of the porous Zn-based scaffold and simultaneously regulate the degradation rate of the scaffold. Besides that, some researchers have tried to control the degradation rate of porous Zn-based scaffolds by using galvanic corrosion. Because the released Zn2+during degradation process seriously affects the antibacterial and bactericidal properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold material, and the antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility have exactly the opposite requirements for the Zn2+concentration, therefore effective methods for simultaneously enduing the scaffold with antibacterial and bactericidal properties and good biocompatibility are still being explored and investigated． This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts to the preparation methods, mechanical properties, biodegradability, antibacterial and bactericidal properties, and biocompatibility of the degradable porous Zn-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Then we analysed the problems of the porous Zn-based scaffolds and looked forward to its prospects. We hope that this review will help to prepare a porous Zn-based scaffold with excellent mechanical properties, suitable and controllable degradation rate, antibacterial and bactericidal properties, and good biocompatibility.更多还原