【摘要】 针对设施栽培甜瓜病虫害日益突出的问题，为进一步探明春季设施栽培甜瓜病虫害的发生规律，制定出针对性的绿色综合防控措施，调查了2021-2023年宁波市3个县区5个示范基地8个品种的春季设施栽培甜瓜病虫害发生情况及规律。结果表明，春季设施栽培甜瓜病害有19种，发生程度重的有4种，分别是疫病、细菌性角斑病、霜霉病和白粉病，占总病害种类的21.05%；发生程度较重的有2种，分别是病毒病和猝倒病，占总病害种类的10.53%。在各类群病原类型中，真菌性病害占比最高，细菌性病害次之，且病害以3～4月为害甜瓜叶片和茎蔓为主。春季设施栽培甜瓜害虫有8目13科13种，以瓜绢螟和黄蚜虫为害最为严重，烟粉虱为害次之，其他害虫为害相对较轻。在各类群害虫中，鳞翅目类害虫占比最高，为30.77%，鞘翅目害虫次之，且害虫以4月为害叶片最为严重。甜瓜病虫害防治应实施以农业防治、物理防治和生物防治为主，化学防治为辅的绿色综合防控措施，减少农药使用量，提高甜瓜绿色安全品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the increasingly prominent problems of diseases and pests of melon cultivated in facilities, in order to further explore the occurrence regularity of diseases and pests of melon cultivated in facilities in spring, and formulate targeted green comprehensive prevention and control measures, the occurrence and regularity of diseases and pests of melon cultivated in facilities in spring of 8 cultivars in 5 demonstration bases of 3 counties and districts in Ningbo from2021 to 2023 were investigated. The results showed that there were 19 kinds of melon diseases in protected cultivation in spring, and 4 kinds of melon diseases occurred seriously, which were phytophthora blight, bacterial keratosis, downy mildew and powdery mildew, accounting for 21.05% of the total diseases. There were 2 kinds of serious diseases, which were virosis and damping-off, accounting for 10.53% of the total diseases. Among all types of pathogens, the proportion of fungal diseases was the highest, followed by bacterial diseases, and the disease mainly damaged the leaves and stems of melon from March to April. There are 8 orders, 13 families and 13 species of melon pests in protected cultivation in spring. Among them, Diaphania indica and Aphidoidea were the most serious pests, followed by Bemisia tabaci, and other pests were relatively light. Among all kinds of pests, Lepidoptera pests accounted for the highest proportion(30.77%),followed by Coleoptera pests, and the pests damaged leaves most seriously in April. The prevention and control of melon pests and diseases should implement green comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control,physical control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control, so as to reduce the use of pesticides and improve the green safety quality of melon.更多还原