【摘要】 安徽省升金湖湿地是长江中下游重要的水鸟越冬栖息地，作为浅水通江湖泊其景观格局存在明显季节性变化，并影响越冬水鸟栖息。基于2021年11月至2022年4月共9期Landsat和GF6号卫星影像以及升金湖水位和气象数据，探究升金湖水鸟越冬期季节性景观格局变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明，水位是影响湿地季节性景观格局变化的主要因素。越冬前期，升金湖水位低于11 m,湖区草滩、泥滩出露面积较大，最大值分别为51.6和14.4 km~2,为水鸟提供充足的觅食地；越冬中期，随水位升高，水域面积扩大，草滩和泥滩出露面积迅速减少，最小值分别为5.6和8.5 km~2;越冬末期，水位高于13 m,湖区被水域覆盖，草滩和泥滩斑块零碎分布在湖岸边缘，总面积均小于5 km~2。黄湓闸泄水引发的水位变化是导致3月初草滩面积增加的主要因素。景观尺度下，水位与最大斑块指数和蔓延度指数显著正相关(p<0.05),与斑块密度和香农多样性指数显著负相关(p<0.05)。回归分析表明，气象因素中累计降水量是影响升金湖水位的主要因素(p<0.05),越冬中期和后期，降水通过影响升金湖水位进而影响湿地景观格局。保护区可依据湿地景观格局变化情况结合水鸟习性，合理调控升金湖水位，满足水鸟越冬需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Shengjin Lake in Anhui Province is an important wintering habitat for waterbirds in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain. As a river-connected lake, the landscape pattern manifests seasonal changes that affects the habitat suitability of waterbirds. This study investigated the change of landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake and the influencing factors, using correlation analysis and regression models, for the period of waterbird wintering season(i.e., from November 2021 to April 2022). Data of remote sensing images of Landsat and GF6, water levels, and meteorological data were collected. Results showed that the water level played a major role in controlling the landscape pattern. In the early wintering period when the water level was below 11 m, the grassland and mudflats area reached the maximum values of 51.6 km~2 and 14.4 km~2, respectively. A rising of water level during the middle wintering season led to an expansion of water surface area and a rapid shrinkage of grassland and mudflats coverage, reaching the minimum of 5.6 km~2 and 8.5 km~2, respectively. In the late wintering period when the water level was above 13 m, the core area of Shengjin Lake Reserve was dominated by water surface, and the area of grassland and mudflats was less than 5 km~2,distributing near the lake bank. The human control in Huangpen Sluice caused a decline of water level in early March, and an associated increase of the coverage of grassland. The findings were further supported by a statistical analysis. At the landscape scale, the water level was significantly positively correlated with the largest patch index and contagion index(p<0.05), while negatively correlated with the patch density and Shannon’s diversity index(p<0.05). Moreover, regression results revealed that precipitation was a major factor affecting the water level of Shengjin Lake(p<0.05). In the middle and late wintering periods, precipitation affected the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake via its influence on the lake water level. The Reserve Department may regulate the lake water level according to the seasonal changes of the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake to provide a suitable habitat for waterbirds during the wintering season.更多还原