【摘要】 面对全球能源短缺和环境污染等问题,发展绿色、可持续的能源来替代传统的化石能源成为迫切需求.太阳能作为一种清洁可再生能源,其有效转化与利用受到了广泛关注.光催化将太阳能转化为化学能,其核心是新型高效的光催化材料.金属有机框架材料(MOFs),是一类由金属或金属节点与多齿有机配体相互连接而成的微介孔材料,具有独特的组成结构和特性,有望成为有应用前景的光催化材料.目前已有一些关于MOFs基光催化的综述,但考虑到该领域在过去几年迅速发展,为了研发高效的MOFs基光催化材料,非常有必要对已经报道的用于提高MOFs基光催化剂性能的策略进行总结.本综述重点总结了已报道的通过调控MOFs基材料的组成和结构的策略来提升其光催化性能的最新研究进展.首先,简要介绍了MOFs基材料的结构特点及其在光催化领域应用的优势,阐述了MOFs基材料光催化的基本原理,提出了影响其光催化性能的关键因素,包括光吸收能力、光生载流子的分离和迁移以及催化活性位点.其次,阐明不同结构调控策略通过优化关键因素进而提高光催化性能的原理,具体包括MOFs基材料中金属掺杂、配体功能化、超薄二维材料构筑以及缺陷工程策略.然后,通过总结典型案例,详细讨论了上述策略如何通过调控MOFs基材料的组成和结构来优化关键因素,从而提高MOFs基材料的光催化性能.最后,针对MOFs基材料光催化所面临的机遇、挑战及其发展趋势提出展望:(1)影响MOFs基光催化剂效率的因素是多方面的,因此将不同策略相结合有利于更好地提高MOFs基光催化剂的性能.除了本文总结的四种构筑策略,最近其它一些关于提升MOFs基材料光催化性能的结构调控策略也有零星报道,如微环境调控、晶面工程等,也值得进一步关注.(2)与无机半导体光催化剂相比, MOFs基材料的结构稳定性较差,因此应特别注意其在光催化条件下的稳定性,特别是MOFs基材料在水中的反应体系.(3)先进原位表征技术的发展和理论研究的深化对于高效MOF基光催化系统的设计及机理研究至关重要.(4) MOFs基材料的多功能性可以使其作为光诱导一锅多步反应的多功能催化材料,应大力开展研究.综上,本文系统地总结了通过调控MOFs基材料的组成和结构从而达到提升其光催化性能的不同策略,并就MOFs基材料光催化所面临的机遇、挑战及其发展趋势提出展望.希望本文能够为深入了解MOFs基光催化体系中组成-结构-性能关系以及从原子水平来设计研发高效的MOFs基光催化剂提供参考.更多还原

【Abstract】 Photocatalysis, a promising technology to convert solar energy to chemical energy, is expected to relieve the global energy shortage and environmental pollution and therefore has attracted widespread recent research attention. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), a class of micro-mesoporous hybrid material constructed from metal or metal nodes interconnected with multi-dentated organic linkers, have recently been demonstrated to be promising photocatalysts for a variety of reactions relevant to environmental and energy concerns due to their unique structure and characteristics.Considering that MOF-based photocatalysis burgeoned rapidly during the past several years, and with an aim to develop more efficient MOF-based photocatalytic materials, it is still necessary to summarize the strategies already reported to improve the performance of MOF-based photocatalytic materials, even though several excellent reviews on MOF-based photocatalysis have already been published. In this review, four structural engineering strategies to improve the efficiency of MOF-based photocatalysis have been summarized. These strategies include metal doping, ligand functionalization, the fabrication of ultrathin 2D MOFs, and defect engineering. These methods aim to enhance light absorption, improve charge separation and transportation, and create more catalytic active sites. Personal opinions on the opportunities, challenges, and developing trends of MOF-based photocatalysis were addressed. This review aims to provide guidance for the rational development of advanced MOF-based photocatalysts by elucidating the inherent relationship between their structural properties and catalytic activity.更多还原