【摘要】 N₂O是一种重要的温室气体，农田是其主要排放源之一。探究N₂O减排潜力不仅可为农田碳减排措施提供理论和技术支持，还可为我国“双碳”目标的实现提供科学依据。为减少吉林省的N₂O排放量，本文根据吉林大学功能农业基地（珲春）温室气体排放数据，利用脱氮-分解作用（DNDC）模型进行点位模拟、结果验证和敏感度分析。同时，对吉林省1991—2020年玉米种植条件下N₂O的排放情况进行区域模拟，得到农田N₂O排放的时空特征，并提出增产减排的优化措施。研究结果表明：DNDC模型对吉林省农田N₂O排放的模拟效果较好；各因素中对N₂O排放量的影响程度最大的为氮肥施用量，其次是有机肥施用量，土壤有机碳质量分数也会对N₂O排放量有一定影响，温度、降雨量和秸秆还田比例对N₂O排放量影响较小；玉米种植条件下西部N₂O排放量最多，中部居中，东部最少。为合理控制全省农田的N₂O排放量，不同区域应进行不同的田间管理，西部、中部、东部最佳施氮量分别为400、330、480 kg/hm²,最佳基追肥施用比例分别为7∶3、9∶1、9∶1;秸秆还田比例对于N₂O排放量影响较小；保证产量的同时，降低土壤有机碳质量分数可以减少农田N₂O排放量。更多还原

【Abstract】 N₂O is an important greenhouse gas, and farmland is considered to be one of the major sources of its emission. Exploring the reduction potential of N₂O not only provides theoretical and technical support for farmland carbon emission reduction measures, but also provides a scientific basis for the realization of China’s "double carbon" goal. In order to reduce N₂O emissions in Jilin Province, the denitrification-decomposition（DNDC） model was used for point simulation, result verification and sensitivity analysis based on the data of greenhouse gas emissions from Jilin University Functional Agriculture Base（Hunchun）. At the same time, the N₂O emissions were simulated from 1991 to 2020 under the conditions of corn planting in Jilin Province, its temporal and spatial characteristics were obtained, and the optimization measures for increasing corn production and reducing N₂O emissions were proposed. The result shows that the DNDC model was effective in the simulation of N₂O emissions from farmland in Jilin Province. Among all the factors, nitrogen fertilizer application rate had the greatest influence on N₂O emission, followed by organic fertilizer application rate, soil organic carbon content also had a certain infulence on N₂O emission, while temperature, rainfall and proportion of straw returning to field had little influcence on N₂O emission. As a result of corn cultivation, N₂O emissions are highest in the west, middle in the central region and lowest in the east. In order to reasonably control N₂O emissions from farmland in Jilin Province, different field management should be carried out in different regions, and the optimal nitrogen application rates are 400, 330 and 480 kg/hm² with the best base to topdressing application ratios of 7∶3, 9∶1 and 9∶1 in the west, central and east, respectively. The proportion of straw returned to the field has little effect on N₂O emissions. While maintaining production, reducing the mass fraction of organic carbon can decrease N₂O emissions from agricultural land.更多还原