【摘要】 抗拉强度是海冰最基本的力学参数之一，也是极地船舶和海工结构冰载荷研究的基本输入条件。鉴于抗拉强度的完整圆盘劈裂试验中部分圆盘裂纹明显偏离加载直径，且试样加载端易较早产生剪切裂纹，为此本文采用圆环劈裂试验开展盐水柱状模型冰抗拉强度测定研究。首先基于离散单元法开展圆环劈裂数值试验，分析圆环试样的断裂过程以及圆环试样的峰值载荷与孔径比的关系，发现采用Hobbs公式计算材料抗拉强度存在适用范围的限制。随后在中国船舶科学研究中心小型冰水池开展盐水柱状模型冰的圆环劈裂物理试验，以验证数值模拟得到的结论，并测定盐水柱状模型冰的抗拉强度。研究表明，圆环劈裂试验也是一种测量盐水柱状模型冰材料抗拉强度的有效方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tensile strength is one of the most essential mechanical properties of sea ice and input conditions for the study of ice loading on polar ships and offshore structures. In view of the fact that some of the cracks significantly deviate from the loading diameter and shear cracks are prone to occur earlier at the loading end of a specimen when splitting the entire disc, splitting tests of annulus specimens were performed to determine the tensile strength of columnar saline model ice in this paper. Firstly, numerical tests of annulus splitting were carried out based on the discrete element method. The fracture process of the annulus sample and the relationship between the peak load of the annulus sample and the aperture ratio were analyzed. The study results show that calculating the tensile strength of columnar saline model ice using the Hobbs formula is not fully applicable. Then, experimental tests were conducted in the Small Ice Model Basin of China Ship Scientific Research Center to verify the numerical results and to determine the tensile strength of columnar saline model ice. It is shown that annulus splitting is also an effective measure for the determination of tensile strength for columnar saline model ice.更多还原