【摘要】 冰水池模型试验对发展冰区船舶海洋工程和推进极地开发利用起到至关重要的支撑作用，其中完备的海冰模拟能力是进行冰区装备模型试验研究进而开展航行作业性能和安全性预报与评估的关键技术保障。本文总结了国内外冰水池海冰模拟技术现状，比较分析了两种类型制冰技术及其模型冰的物理力学特性，给出了冰水池海冰模拟能力发展趋势；同时，明确了冰水池中海冰模拟的关键问题，剖析了先进制冰技术研发面临的技术挑战，可为进一步开展相关基础研究、探索科学的模型冰制备方法提供引导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Model testing in ice model basins plays an extraordinarily important role in the development of ships and ocean engineering in cold regions and in the exploitation of polar areas. Well-developed ice modeling techniques in the basins provide essential support to the experimental study of equipment operating in ice-covered waters so that the prediction and assessment of the navigation performance and safety could be performed. In this paper, the state of the art of sea ice modeling techniques in domestic and foreign ice model basins was summarized firstly. Then a comparative analysis of the ice modeling techniques of two types and the corresponding physical and mechanical characteristics of model ice were presented. Finally, the development trends of ice modeling in ice model basins were proposed while the key engineering problems in the sea ice modeling techniques were raised and the technical challenges of the advanced ice modeling techniques were outlined, giving a guidance for further related fundamental research and investigation of scientific ice modeling methodology.更多还原