【摘要】 目的：探究50%动脉闭塞压（AOP）半蹲起训练对不同水平女子足球运动员下肢肌肉激活和激活后增强效应（PAP）的时域特征。方法：募集16名不同训练水平女子足球运动员，按运动等级分成2组，每组各8名运动员，以持续加压的方式进行4组30%的1RM半蹲起诱导PAP，运用无线遥感表面测试系统，采集4组半蹲起训练中下肢肌群肌电信号，计算臀肌和大腿前、后及外侧肌肉肌电振幅（RMS）标准值，使用Kistler三维测力台对16名受试者加压半蹲起运动前、后（15 s、5 min、10 min、15 min）的腾空高度、峰值功率（PPO）、力量发展速率（RFD）及垂直反作用力（vGRF）进行采集。采用双因素（训练水平×时间）重复测量方差分析法对4组半蹲起运动下肢肌群肌肉激活、垂直跳的腾空高度、PPO、RFD、vGRF进行分析。结果：1）在4组半蹲起运动中，不同水平受试者股内侧肌、股外侧肌、股直肌、股二头肌、半腱肌及阔筋膜张肌在第3组和第4组RMS标准值增加显著（p<0.05），臀大肌随半蹲起组数的增加，RMS标准值逐渐减少，一级运动水平受试者在第4组时臀大肌RMS标准值小于第1组（p<0.05）;2)50%AOP半蹲起运动在干预后5 min和10 min垂直跳过程中均诱导产生PAP (p<0.05)，一级运动水平的受试者干预后5 min时CMJ过程中诱导PAP非常显著（p<0.01），同一时间点，一级运动水平的受试者PAP显著优于二级运动水平的受试者（p<0.05）;3)50%AOP低强度半蹲起运动后5 min和10 min垂直跳过程的跳跃高度、PPO、RFD显著增加（p<0.05），一级运动水平的受试者干预后5 min时CMJ过程中峰值功率改善非常显著（p<0.01）。结论：低强度加压半蹲起运动能够显著增加女子足球运动员下肢肌肉激活程度，并诱导PAP，且受试者训练水平对其有重要影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To explore and analyze the effect of 50% AOP of low-intensity semi-squat KAATSU training on lower limb muscle activation and the temporal profile of post-activation potentiation(PAP) of female football players with different training levels. Methods: 16 female football players with different training levels were recruited and divided into two groups according to their sports level, with 8 players in each group. Four groups of 30% 1RM semi-squat to induce PAP by continuous compression. The wireless remote sensing surface testing system was used to collect the surface EMG signals of the lower limb muscles from four groups of semi-squat, and the RMS standard values of the gluteus, thigh anterior, posterior, and lateral muscles were calculated. And the Kistler three-dimensional force platform was used to collect the pre-and post-test values(15 s, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min) of the vertical jumping height, PPO, RFD, and v GRF of the 16 subjects.Double-variable(training level × time) repeated-measures design was used to analyze the muscle activation of lower limb muscle groups, vertical jump height, PPO, RFD, and v GRF in four groups of semi-squat. Results: 1)In the 4 sets of semi-squatting exercises, the RMS values of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris,biceps femoris, semitendinosus and tensor fasciae latae were significant in sets 3 and 4(p < 0.05). With the increase of the number of semi-squat groups, the RMS of the gluteus maximus gradually decreased, and the RMS value of the gluteus maximus in the fourth group was significantly lower than that in the first group(p < 0.05). 2)The 50% AOP semi-squatting exercise induced PAP in both 5 and 10 minutes after the semi-squat(p<0.05),and the PAP induced in the CMJ was very significant(p<0.01) in the first-level athletes 5 minutes after the semi-squat(p<0.01); at the same time point, the first-level subjects were significantly better than the second-level subjects(p<0.05). 3) The vertical jump of jump height, PPO and RFD at 5 and 10 minutes after the50% AOP low-intensity semi-squat exercise significantly increased(p < 0.05), and the PPO in the CMJ was very significantly improved at 5 minutes after the semi-squat of the first-level subjects(p < 0.01). Conclusion:Low-intensity semi-squat KAATSU training can significantly increase lower limb muscle activation and induce PAP in female football players, and the training level of the subjects has an important impact on it.更多还原