【摘要】 目的：通过对我国女子皮艇多人艇项目全年训练过程中不同艇种方式训练的组合配比及阶段变化分析，揭示其艇种配比结构及负荷控制的分期策略。方法：全程跟踪国家女子皮划艇队多人艇全年训练过程，详细记录、统计训练负荷数据信息，并加以分析诊断。结果：全年训练中个体式（K1）训练比例达65.33%，协作式（K2、K4）训练为34.67%；全年强度结构控制上，个体式训练（K1）较为突出L2(33.47%)和L3(22.45%)级别，协作式（K2、K4）较为突出L3(26.15%)、L5(23.85%)和L6(20.77%)级别；在能力发展上，个体式训练（K1）重在强化有氧能力（55.92%）的维持与提升；协作式（K2、K4）训练均较为突出耐酸能力（K2:43.42%、K4:46.30%）和有氧能力（K2:31.58%、K4:35.19%）强化等。结论：以集体比赛为途径的多人皮划艇项目的全年训练中需高度重视个体能力发展的支撑作用；在全年训练强度分布结构控制上，个体式训练体现出“两极化”模式分布特征，协作式训练则体现出“突出专项能力”模式分布特征；在全年能力发展上，个体式训练较为突出有氧能力及速度能力训练，协作式训练较为突出耐酸能力和有氧能力训练；全年不同训练方式配比结构的分期变化策略表现为由“个体”向“集体”逐渐过渡、由基础向专项能力转换的推进思想；在年度每个大周期不同训练方式的分期配比策略上，表现为个体式“前高后低”、协作式“前低后高”的“交错发展”的变化思想等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose: Based on the analysis of the combination ratio and load structure of different boat training methods during the annual training of female kayak multi-boat event, this paper reveals the characteristics of the training type ratio, training load structure and periodical control strategy. Methods: Tracking and recording the year-round training process of the national team, and analyzing the training load data in detail. Results: The training proportion of K1 reaches 65.33%, the proportion of cooperative training 34.67%; in terms of annual intensity structure control, individual training(K1) is more prominent in L2(33.47%) and L3(22.45%) levels, and collaborative training(K2, K4) is more prominent in L3(26.15%), L5(23.85%) and L6(20.77%) level; in terms of ability development, individual training(K1) focuses on strengthening the maintenance and improvement of aerobic ability(55.92%); Cooperative(K2, K4) training is more prominent in acid resistance(K2: 43.42%, K4: 46.30%) and aerobic capacity(K2: 31.58%, K4: 35.19%). Conclusion: It is extremely necessary to attach great importance to develop the individual ability for multi-person kayak in the whole year training; the intensity distribution of individualized training is characterized by “polarization mode”, while the cooperative training is embodied in the training mode of “highlighting special ability”; in terms of annual ability development, individualized training is more focused on aerobic and speed capacity, while the cooperative training is more focused on acid tolerance and aerobic capacity; the periodical control strategy of different training methods throughout the year is reflected in the gradual transition from “individual” to “collective” and from basic to special ability; in terms of the annual allocation strategy for differets phases of training methods, it is manifested in the changing ideas of “cross development” of individualized style “first high and then low”, and collaborative style “first low and then high”.更多还原