【摘要】 基于身体活动的社会生态模型，探讨成年人锻炼的心理动力因素剖面，及剖面与锻炼阶段和锻炼量的关系，为构建针对特定人群的干预奠定基础。研究采用横断调查设计，通过网络问卷，测量了618名城市成年人的锻炼动机、锻炼自我效能、身体活动乐趣、锻炼社会支持、锻炼阶段及锻炼量。潜在剖面分析发现，5个剖面的解拟合最优，5个剖面分别为：剖面1：高自主—高内摄—高乐趣剖面；剖面2：中等自主—中等乐趣剖面；剖面3：无动机—无乐趣—无支持剖面；剖面4：高控制—高自主—高效能—高支持剖面；剖面5：中等控制—低自主—中等效能—中等支持剖面。卡方独立性检验发现，不同剖面与锻炼阶段间相关显著（χ~2(16)=154.43,P<0.001），剖面1和剖面4与锻炼保持阶段有关，剖面3与缺乏锻炼意向有关；贝叶斯单因素方差分析表明，不同剖面处于行动和保持阶段的中到大强度锻炼量存在差异（BF10=7.26×106），剖面1和剖面4的中到大强度锻炼量高于其他剖面。高自主—高内摄—高乐趣剖面和高控制—高自主—高效能—高支持剖面是锻炼的适应性心理动力模式；无动机—无乐趣—无支持剖面是锻炼的非适应性心理动力模式，应针对此类人群的特点制定有针对性的干预策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on social ecological model of physical activity, this study aims to explore psycho-dynamic profiles underlying exercise of adults and their relationships with exercise stages and the amount of exercise, laying a foundation for constructing group-based intervention. Employing a cross sectional survey, the study measured exercise motivations, self-efficacy, enjoyment and social support for exercise of a sample of 618 Chinese urban adults through an online questionnaire. Results of latent profile analysis show that a solution with five psychodynamic profiles is favored. The profiles include: high autonomy--high introjection motivations--high enjoyment profile(profile 1), moderate autonomy--moderate enjoyment profile(profile 2), no motivation--no enjoyment--no social support profile(profile 3), high control--high autonomy--high self-efficacy--high social support profile(profile 4), moderate control--low autonomy--moderate self-efficacy--moderate social support(profile 5). The Chi-square test of independence finds that there is a significant correlation between the profiles and stages of exercise significantly （χ~2(16)=154.43, p<.001）. Both profile 1 and profile 4 are related to the maintenance stage of regular exercise. However, profile 3 is related the precontemplation stage of exercise. Bayesian one-way ANOVA suggests there is a difference in the amount of moderate-to high-intensity exercise in the action and maintenance stages of regular exercise of different profiles(BF10=7.26 * 106). Both profile 1 and profile 4 engage in more moderate-to high-intensity exercise than other profiles. The high autonomy--high introjection--high enjoyment profile(profile 1) and the high control--high autonomy--high self-efficacy--high social support profile(profile 4) are deemed as adaptive psycho-dynamic pattern for exercise; the no motivation--no enjoyment--no social support profile(profile 3) is non-adaptive psycho-dynamic pattern for exercise, and targeted intervention strategies should be employed according to the group’s characteristics.更多还原