【摘要】 为实现纳米铝热剂复合物反应活性的调节，采用静电喷雾技术制备了一系列不同Al/B摩尔比的Al/B/CuFe₂O₄@NC复合物，并通过XRD、FT-IR、SEM、DSC、激光点火和燃烧实验对复合物的相组成、结构和铝热反应特性进行系统表征分析。DSC结果表明，纳米B有益于增加复合物的热释放能和提高其热稳定性，Al/B摩尔比为5/5工况下的热释放能由1138.5增至1426.9J/g,铝热反应温度随B含量的增加而提高。点火和燃烧实验发现，静电喷雾能显著增强复合物的反应活性，使其点火延迟由16ms降至10ms,燃速由3.34增至6.01cm/s;通过改变Al/B摩尔比，复合物的燃速、燃烧室压力增速和静电火花感度分别在6.01～36.36cm/s、0.05～0.17MPa/ms和61.25～11.25mJ之间可调，而当Al/B摩尔比小于5/5时，其点火和燃烧困难，表明B粉是调节复合物活性的有效添加剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to adjust the reactivity of the nanothermite, the Al/B/CuFe₂O₄@NC composites with various Al/B molar ratios were fabricated by electrospray, and the chemical components, morphology, and reactivity were systematically characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, DSC, laser ignition, and combustion experiments to achieve a controlled regulation of the composite activity. The DSC results show that the heat release and thermal stability are enhanced by adding nano B to the composites, and the heat release increases from 1138.5 to 1426.9J/g at a Al/B（5∶5） molar ratio. The experiments indicate that electrospray can significantly improve the reactivity of composites, reduce the ignition delay time from 16 to 10ms and increase the burning rates from 3.34 to 6.01cm/s. By altering the Al/B molar ratio, the burning rate, pressurization rate, and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the composite can be controlled in the range of 6.01—36.36cm/s, 0.05—0.17MPa/ms, and 61.25—11.25mJ, respectively. When the Al/B molar ratio is less than 5/5, the composites are difficult to ignite and burn. As a result, B appears to be a potential additive for adjusting the reactivity.更多还原