【摘要】 冬克玛底冰川作为重要的长江源头之一,近年来主要以冰川气候、地质变化等自然地理方向的研究为主,而对于冬克玛底冰川不同生境中可培养细菌多样性及群落构成的研究还鲜有报道。为了阐明冬克玛底冰川可培养细菌多样性及其与环境因子的相关关系,发掘冰川微生物资源,针对冬克玛底冰川雪、冰和融水3种生境开展了研究。采用传统可培养法分离菌株,16S rRNA基因序列分析方法进行菌株鉴定,统计学方法分析可培养细菌多样性及其影响因素。结果表明,本研究中可培养细菌分属于放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。其中放线菌门为优势菌门,库克菌属（Kocuria）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）和马赛菌属（Massilia）为优势菌属。不同生境中的可培养细菌数量、群落结构和多样性均不同,冰样中可培养细菌数量最多、群落结构复杂并且多样性最高。冬克玛底冰川分离的36个菌属中有8个菌属未从其他冰川分离出。冰川不同生境中可培养细菌群落结构差异较大;Cl^-和Ca²⁺含量及pH是影响可培养细菌数量和多样性的主要环境因子;可培养细菌中32.21%的菌株为潜在新种。冬克玛底冰川蕴含丰富的微生物资源库,此次研究发现潜在新种46株,可以为冰冻圈微生物资源开发及利用提供数据支撑及菌种资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the important origins of the Yangtze River, the Dongkemadi Glacier has been mainly explored for glacier climate, geological changes, and other natural geographical directions. However, there are still few reports about the diversity and community composition of culturable bacteria in the different ambient medium of Dongkemadi Glacier. In order to clarify the cultivable bacterial diversity and the relationship between the cultivable bacterial diversity and environmental factors in Dongkemadi Glacier, and explore microbial resources, investigated the three habitats of snow, ice, and melt water of Dongkemadi Glacier. The strains were isolated by the traditional culturable method, identified by 16S rRNA Gene Sequence analysis, and the diversity of culturable bacteria and its influencing factors were analyzed by statistical method. The results showed that the culturable bacteria in this study belonged to Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Among them, Actinobacteria is the dominant phylum, and Kocuria, Microbacterium, and Massilia are the dominant genus. The highest number of culturable bacteria, complex community structure, and diversity was higher in ice samples compared with snow and meltwater. In addition, 8 of the 36 genera isolated from the Dongkmadi Glacier were not reported from other glaciers; therefore, 32.21% of the culturable bacteria were potential new species. The community structure of culturable bacteria was distinct across the samples; pH, Cl^- and Ca²⁺ are the main environmental factors affecting the number and diversity of culturable bacteria. Dongkemadi Glacier contains rich microbial resources, 46 new species were isolated in this study, which could provide data support and strain resources for the developing and utilizing microbial resources in the cryosphere.更多还原