【摘要】 [目的]探究林下生态高效栽培3种药材对土壤理化性质和养分的影响。[方法]在加勒比松林下种植百部、砂仁和天冬，在种植时、种植后180 d和种植后360 d取样进行土壤pH和营养元素检测。[结果]3种药材种植后对土壤pH的影响小；有机质、全氮和速效钾的含量先增大后减小，但百部种植下的土壤全氮含量呈缓慢升高；硝态氮和有效磷含量逐渐增加；全磷和全钾逐渐减少，但天冬在种植后360 d土壤全钾含量有所升高；铵态氮含量先减少后升高。[结论]在林下种植百部、砂仁和天冬，应根据不同作物实行不同的施肥方案，在松树-百部的种植模式下，种植前期宜多施氮、磷、钾肥料，随着种植时间的增加，可以减少氮肥的施用量；在松树-砂仁的种植模式下，种植前期可以适量少施氮肥和磷肥，适当施用钾肥，在种植后期应多施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥；在松林-天冬的种植模式下，在种植前后期应多施磷、钾等肥料，施用少量氮肥，种植后期增加氮、磷肥的施用，适当施用钾肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To explore the effects of ecological and efficient cultivation of three medicinal materials under the forest on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients.[Method]Stemona japonica,Amomum villosum and Asparagus cochinchinensis were planted under the Pinus caribaea Morelet forest.Soil samples were taken during planting, 6 months and 12 months after planting to detect soil pH and nutrient elements.[Result]The results showed that the three herbs had little effect on soil pH after planting; The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium increased first and then decreased after planting, but the content of soil total nitrogen increased slowly under Stemona japonica planting; The content of NO₃-N and available phosphorus increased gradually; Total phosphorus and total potassium decreased gradually, but the content of total potassium in soil increased from 6 months after planting Asparagus cochinchinensis;The content of ammonium nitrogen decreased first and then increased.[Conclusion]When planting Stemona japonica,Amomum villosum and Asparagus cochinchinensis under the forest, different fertilization schemes should be implemented according to different crops.Under the planting mode of pine Stemona japonica,it is appropriate to apply more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the early stage of planting.With the increase of planting time, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced; Under the planting mode of pine and Amomum villosum,an appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied less and potassium fertilizer can be applied appropriately in the early stage of planting, and more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the late stage of planting; Under the planting mode of pine and Asparagus cochinchinensis,more phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers should be applied before and after planting, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.In the later stage of planting, the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be increased, and potassium fertilizer should be applied appropriately.更多还原