【摘要】 在近代中国国家政权建设进程中，如何有效地监督乡村权力成为一个重要问题。梁漱溟指出，国民政府依西方“箝制与均衡原理”,试图增设监察委员会以监督乡村权力的路只会“越走越窄”,而邹平实验则是本民族精神通过“中西具体事实之沟通调和”,完成重建新社会组织构造的乡村建设任务。借助于村学和乡学这一独特的组织体系，梁漱溟主张，以学长直接发挥监督教训作用，确立乡村民众作为乡村权力监督主体，并循“义”、遵“礼”实施监督教训，最终由新型乡村组织的构造与运转，实现对乡村权力的有效监督。当前，在国家资源的大量下乡同时伴随着监督下乡，然监督下乡常使上下级政府陷入“互相卸责”的怪圈，梁漱溟的方案至少能够在审思监督目的、发挥民众及“新乡贤”监督和盘活乡村组织等方面继续予我们以启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of state-building in modern China, effective supervision of rural power has become an important issue. Liang Shuming pointed out that the national government’s attempt to establish a supervisory committee to supervise rural power in accordance with the western “principle of checks and balance” would only lead to “an ever-narrower end”. Meanwhile, the rural reconstruction in Zouping County, which was based on Chinese national spirit, had accomplished the task of rebuilding the rural structure of the new social organization through “communication and reconciliation of specific facts between China and the West”. On the basis of the unique organizational system of “cunxue” and “xiangxue”, Liang Shuming advocated that “xuezhang” should play the role of supervision directly; the rural people should be regarded as the main body of rural supervision; and the supervision should be implemented according to “yi” and “li”. In this way, effective supervision of rural power could be exercised through the construction and operation of the new rural organization. Nowadays, a large number of national resources are sent to the countryside, but the supervision accompanying it often leads the superior and subordinate governments into a vicious circle of “mutual abdication of responsibility”. Seen in this light, Liang Shuming’s suggestion can at least continue to enlighten us in some aspects, such as rethinking the purpose of supervision, the role of rural people and “new rural talents” in supervision, and the way of revitalizing rural organizations.更多还原