【摘要】 畜禽资源是中国种业创新、打赢种业翻身仗的根基。疆岳驴是陕西关中驴（大型驴）和新疆驴（小型驴）经过半个多世纪杂交改良、横交固定、选育提高、培育而成的良种驴，旨在基因组水平上揭示疆岳驴的遗传进化，解析疆岳驴的遗传结构及遗传多样性。该研究利用SLAF-seq简化基因组测序鉴定疆岳驴SNP标记，构建125头样品群体进化树并进行分析。共鉴定SNP标记4 887 196个；通过MEGA 5软件neighbor-joining算法，构建的群体进化树显示，125头疆岳驴聚集为2个大的分支：一个分支46头聚集在一起，亲缘关系较近；另一分支79头聚集在一起，亲缘关系较近。这2个分支间亲缘关系较远。通过admixture软件、EIGENSOFT软件、SPAGeDi软件进一步佐证了125头疆岳驴可分为2个群体，利用SLAF-seq简化基因组测序能全面准确地揭示疆岳驴的遗传多样性和遗传结构，为疆岳驴的关联遗传学研究和重要性状QTL定位提供依据，为争取在第3次全国畜禽遗传资源普查申报新培育品种（配套系）和疆岳驴重要性状QTL定位奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Livestock and poultry resources are the foundation for the seed industry innovation in China. Jiangyue donkey is an improved donkey bred by Shaanxi Guanzhong donkey(large donkey)and Xinjiang Donkey(small donkey)after more than half a century through hybridization and crossbred fixing.125 Jiangyue donkey germplasm resources were used to reveal the genetic evolution and population structure by SLAF-seq technology. 4 887 196 SNP markers were identified; through MEGA 5 software and neighbor joining algorithm,the evolutionary tree showed that125 Jiangyue donkeys were clustered into two large branches:46 in one branch, they were closely related, and the genetic relationship was close; 79 heads of the other branch were clustered together, and the genetic relationship was close. The two large branches was far. Through admixture software, EIEGNSOFT software and SPAGeDi software, it was further proved that, 125 Jiangyue donkeys can be divided into two populations.Using SLAF-seq technology can comprehensively and accurately reveal the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Jiangyue donkeys, which provides a basis for the study of association genetics and QTL mapping of important traits of Jiangyue donkeys,which laid a foundation for applying for new breeding varieties(mating lines)in the third national general survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources of Jiang Yue donkeys.更多还原