【摘要】 瘤胃是反刍动物重要的消化器官，瘤胃微生物的组成及其多样性直接关系到反刍动物对饲料的消化利用。本研究通过测定不同月龄鲁西黑头羊瘤胃液微生物菌群多样性及组成结构，探索瘤胃微生物发育规律，为鲁西黑头羊高效饲养提供理论依据。结果表明：(1)Shannon指数和Simpson指数各组之间无显著性差异，ACE指数和Chao 1指数3月龄显著低于6月龄和12月龄；(2)拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌门，普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)为瘤胃优势菌属，但各类群丰度在不同月龄间存在显著差异；(3)PCA分析显示，3月龄鲁西黑头羊瘤胃菌群个体间差异较小，6月龄与12月龄明显分离，表明菌群结构差异较大。综上，鲁西黑头羊瘤胃菌群在3月龄时相对稳定，随着月龄的增长，群落丰富度有所提高，表明3月龄时瘤胃功能仍在发育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rumen is an important digestive organ of ruminants, and the composition and diversity of rumen microbes are directly related to the feed digestion and utilization of ruminants. In this study, the diversity and composition of rumen fluid microflora of Luxi black-head sheep at different ages were measured to explore the development regularity of rumen microflora, which was expected to provide theoretical bases for efficient feeding of Luxi black-head sheep. The results were as follows.(1) There was no significant differences in the Shannon index and Simpson index among the groups; the ACE index and Chao 1 index in the 3-month-old group were significantly lower than those in the 6-month-old and 12-month-old groups.(2) Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phylum, and Prevotella was the dominant rumen genus. The community richness was different among different month age.(3) The PCA results showed that the rumen microbiota of 3-month-old Luxi black-head sheep showed small inter-individual differences, while the 6-month-old and 12-month-old sheep showed obvious separation, indicating great differences in microbiota structure. In conclusion, rumen microflora of Luxi black-head sheep was relatively stable at 3 months old, and the community richness increased with the increase of months, indicating that rumen function was still developing after 3 months.更多还原