【摘要】 针对新能源汽车的发展，制备了含Ni固溶强化、含Cu析出强化以及含Ni+Cu复合强化3%Si无取向硅钢，研究了强化方式对无取向硅钢组织、织构和性能的影响。结果表明：固溶强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中形成了粗大{221}<221>晶粒，冷轧过程中剪切变形明显并在退火后形成良好再结晶织构。析出强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中心层形成γ取向粗大晶粒，在后续的加工中γ织构逐渐增强并最终得到相对细小的再结晶晶粒。复合强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中保留了强λ取向带状组织，退火后形成了有益的Goss织构和λ织构。固溶强化型与复合强化型无取向硅钢磁感应强度B₅₀分别达到1.742、1.688 T,高于析出强化型无取向硅钢的1.645 T。同时，复合强化型无取向硅钢高频铁损最低，其P_1.0/400和P_{1.0/1 000}分别低至20.97、82.69 W/kg,这与其较小的晶粒尺寸和织构改善有关。强度计算结果表明：Ni元素固溶强化对强度的提高有限，屈服强度为468 MPa,纳米Cu析出可显著提高屈服强度（强度增量约200 MPa）,且主要来自于模量强化。析出强化型和复合强化型无取向硅钢屈服强度分别达到了633、637 MPa,且保持了18%以上的伸长率。由此可知，Ni+Cu复合强化手段可兼顾固溶强化和析出强化的优点，实现了高强度无取向硅钢磁性能与力学性能的良好平衡，可满足高速驱动电机的需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the development of new energy vehicles, 3%Si non-oriented silicon steel were processed by solid solution strengthening with Ni, precipitation strengthening with Cu, and composite strengthening with Ni and Cu. The effects of different strengthening methods on the microstructure, texture and properties of high-strength non oriented silicon steel were studied.The results show that coarse {221}<221> grains are formed in the hot rolled sheet of solution strengthened non-oriented silicon steel, resulting in obvious shear deformation in the subsequent cold rolling process and beneficial recrystallization texture after annealing. Huge grains with γ-fiber orientation are formed in the center layers of hot rolled sheet of precipitation strengthened non-oriented silicon steel, and in thesubsequent processing, the texture strength of γ-fiber increased gradually, finally relatively fine recrystallized grains are obtained.In composite strengthened steel, strong λ-fiber is retained in the hot rolled sheet, and beneficial Goss texture and λ-fiber texture are formed after final annealing.The magnetic induction strength(B₅₀) of solution strengthened and composite strengthened non-oriented silicon steel is 1.742 T and 1.688 T respectively, which are higher than that of precipitation strengthened non-oriented silicon steel（1.645 T）. At the same time, composite strengthened non-oriented silicon steel has the lowest iron loss in high frequency, and its P_1.0/400 and P_1.0/1000 are 20.97 and 82.69 W/kg respectively, which is related to its smaller grain size and adverse texture improvement. The strength calculation results show that solution strengthening of Ni has limited improvement on the strength, with yield strength of 468 MPa.While the nano-sized Cu precipitation significantly improves the yield strength by about 200 MPa, which mainly comes from modulus strengthening. The yield strength of precipitation strengthening type and composite strengthening type non-oriented silicon steel reaches 633 and 637 MPa respectively, and the elongation is more than 18%.Therefore, composite strengthening with Ni+Cu can retain the advantages of solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengtheningand and achieve a good balance between magnetic and mechanical properties of high-strength non-oriented silicon steel, which can meet the needs of high-speed motor.更多还原