【摘要】 荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi（Takahashi）（在中国长时间学名误用为麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fabricius）是我国小麦的主要害虫，为小麦蚜虫优势种。该蚜虫因繁殖速度快、发育历期短、适应能力强且能随着气流远距离迁飞等特性，对小麦安全生产构成严重威胁。目前关于蚜虫种群遗传结构的研究主要基于线粒体基因开展。然而，初级共生菌布赫纳氏菌Buchnera aphidicola几乎存在于所有蚜虫中，其在研究蚜虫种群遗传结构多样性方面的潜在作用报道很少。本研究基于前期收集的荻草谷网蚜6个不同地理种群（苏州、武汉、昆明、廊坊、泰安、银川）,对其线粒体COⅠ基因与初级共生菌B.aphidicola的两个单拷贝基因gnd与trpA进行PCR扩增、测序和群体遗传结构分析。根据对3个遗传标记基因聚类分析，荻草谷网蚜6个不同地理种群分为3组，分别为银川种群、苏州种群和其他种群(COⅠ:F_CT=0.364 2,P<0.05;gnd:F_CT=0.403 3,P<0.05;trpA:F_CT=0.222 9,P<0.05),3组间存在显著的遗传差异。银川种群和泰安种群间有相同的稀有单倍型H8（trpA）,苏州种群和武汉种群也有相同的稀有单倍型H2与H23 （COⅠ）,3组之间仍存在基因交流。因此我们推测在4、5月份东南季风盛行的情况下，银川种群迁入了外来虫源。蚜虫线粒体基因和初级共生菌基因的遗传结构分析结果基本一致，表明共生菌基因在研究蚜虫种群遗传结构和多样性具有潜在应用意义。综上所述，基于线粒体和共生菌基因序列的荻草谷网蚜不同地理种群的遗传结构解析可为蚜虫的迁飞提供分子证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sitobion miscanthi（Takahashi） is a dominant aphid species of wheat, which is main insect pest in wheat crops of China（but the species name has been misused as Sitobion avenae Fabricius in China）. The aphid is a serious threat to safe production of wheat due to its characteristics of rapid reproduction, short developmental period, strong adaptability and long-distance flight via airflow. In present literatures, the genetic structure of aphid populations was analyzed mainly based on their mitochondrial genes. The primary symbiont Buchnera aphidicola exists in almost all aphids, but there are still few reports on its potential role in the genetic structural diversity of aphid populations. The six different geographical populations of S.miscanthi were collected from the main wheat-growing areas（Wuhan, WH; Suzhou, SZ; Kunming, KM; Langfang, LF; Tai’an, TA; Yinchuan, YC） in 2017. And their mitochondrial COⅠ gene of aphids, gnd and trpA genes of primary symbiotic bacteria were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and the population genetic structure was analyzed. The results showed that the six geographical populations of S.miscanthi were divided into three groups, i.e., Yinchuan（YC） group, Suzhou（SZ） group, and the other group（WH, KM, LF, TA） according to the three genetic marker genes COⅠ(F_CT = 0.364 2, P <0.05), gnd(F_CT = 0.403 3, P < 0.05) and trpA(F_CT = 0.222 9, P <0.05). There was significant genetic differentiation among the three groups. YC and TA populations had the same unique haplotype H8（trpA）; SZ and WH populations shared the same haplotypes H2 and H23（COⅠ）, and there was gene flow among the three groups. Therefore, we speculated that, when the southeast monsoon prevails in April and May, YC population mixed with immigrant aphid individuals. The results of genetic structure analysis based on gene sequences from mitochondria and symbionts showed the same trend, indicating that the genes of symbionts can act as potential molecular markers in studying the genetic structure and diversity of aphid populations. In conclusion, the genetic structure of different geographic populations of S.miscanthi based on gene sequences from mitochondria and primary symbionts provided molecular evidence for aphid migration.更多还原