【摘要】 X射线相位衬度成像是近年来发展迅速的X射线成像技术，由于其对低密度物体的成像能力优于传统的X射吸收衬度成像方法，在过去的30年中吸引了广泛的研究兴趣。本文对X射线相位衬度成像进行一次追根溯源的回顾，目的是从基础理论到成像方法，搞清楚X射线相位衬度成像的来龙去脉，在此基础上梳理已经发展的各种方法和近年来的新进展，分析不同方法之间的比较优势，力图从中洞察出可能的发展潜力，展望X射线相位衬度成像未来的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a rapidly developed X-ray imaging technique, X-ray phase contrast imaging has drawn a lot of research interests over the past three decades due to its superior imaging capability of low-density objects than the X-ray attenuation imaging. In this article, a thorough review is made with the aim to explain the theoretical foundations and discuss the major developments of recent innovative X-ray phase contrast imaging techniques. Particularly, X-ray phase contrast imaging approaches with varied experimental settings, such as interference-based imaging, grating-based imaging methods, propagation-based imaging and beam-tracking imaging methods, are discussed and compared in details. In addition, the most recent progresses of X-ray phase contrast imaging are presented to track their underlying potentials in various applications. In conclusion, the future of X-ray phase contrast imaging is prospective.更多还原