【摘要】 基于2005-2019年西安市下属气象站气象要素日值数据集中的气温数据，以中国气象局颁布的高温强度等级划分标准，计算了西安市2005-2019年高温频次和高温有效积温。采用辐射传输方程法对Landsat8OLI＿TIRS系列遥感影像进行温度反演，分析了西安市高温热害空间分布特征。利用统计年鉴数据，计算了2010-2019年西安市高温热害人口暴露总量及人口受灾指数。以高温有效积温为致灾危险性指标，人口受灾指数为暴露性指标构建高温热害人口暴露脆弱性曲线。结果表明：2005-2019年西安市共有360个高温日，年均24天，集中分布于6-8月；高温有效积温呈多年波动变化。研究区内地表温度区域分异显著：总体呈北高南低的特征。2010-2019年，西安市高温热害暴露人口总量逐年下降，由545.94万人下降至467.96万人，年平均下降率为1.798%。高温热害暴露人口脆弱性曲线显示：人口热害受灾指数随高温有效积温升高呈线性下降趋势。根据预测结果，西安市高温热害暴露人口到2050年将减少至124.09万人，高温热害人口受灾指数降至0.08。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study is based on the air temperature retrieved from the daily dataset of meteorological elements of Xi′an subordinate meteorological stations from 2005 to 2019. The frequency of high temperature and the effective accumulated high temperature in Xi′an from 2005 to 2019 were calculated according to the classification standard of high temperature intensity issued by China Meteorological Administration. Temperature inversion of Landsat8 OLI＿TIRS series remote sensing images was carried out by radiative transfer equation method to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of high temperature in Xi′an. Based on the statistical yearbook data,the total exposure of the high-temperature population and the disaster rate of the population in Xi′an were calculated from 2010 to 2019. The effective accumulated temperature was used as the index of hazard and the population disaster index was used as the exposure index to establish the vulnerability curve of the heat-damaged population. The results showed that:There are 360 high temperature days in Xi′an from 2005 to 2019,with an average of 24 days per year,mainly occurred from June to August in each year. The effective accumulated high temperature was fluctuated during the study period. The surface temperature in the research area shows a distinct regional differentiation,manifested in higher temperature in the north and lower temperature in the south. The exposed population decreased from 5,459,400 to 4,679,600 from 2010 to 2019,with an annual decrease rate of 1.798%. The vulnerability curve shows that the population disaster index decreased linearly with the increase of effective accumulated temperature.It is predicted that the exposed high temperature population of Xi′an will reach to 1,240,900 in 2050,and the index of the exposed high temperature population will be reduced to 0.08.更多还原