【摘要】 新冠肺炎疫情肆虐全球已有两年多。作为世界主要大国的美国、日本、俄罗斯、巴西和印度等国在应对新冠肺炎疫情方面出现严重失误，未能有效遏制疫情传播，付出了沉重代价。这些失误主要由三方面原因导致：一是对外对内传染病监测体系缺陷严重；二是公共卫生应急体系专业化程度明显不足；三是国家治理体系难以满足防疫需求。这对我国完善公共卫生应急体系和传染病防控体系带来重要启示：一是建设军民、内外双重统筹的传染病自主监测体系；二是全面建设专业化公共卫生应急体系；三是夯实支持防控大规模疫情的国家治理基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the period of more than two years since the pandemic of COVID-19 raged around the world, the United States,Japan, Russia, Brazil, India and others as major countries in the world, have made serious mistakes in responding to it, failed to effectively curb its spread, and paid heavy price. These mistakes are mainly caused by three reasons: firstly, the external and internal monitoring system of infectious diseases is seriously flawed; secondly, the specialization of public health emergency system is obviously insufficient; and thirdly, the national governance system is difficult to meet the needs of epidemic prevention. These bring important inspiration to China’s improvement of public health emergency system and infectious diseases prevention and control system: firstly, build an independent monitoring system of infectious diseases that integrates not only the military and civil but also the internal and external; secondly, build a professional public health emergency system in an all-round way; thirdly,consolidate national governance foundation to support the prevention and control of large-scale epidemics.更多还原