【摘要】 【目的】通过研究洱海流域植烟土壤养分时空变异特征，实现对该区域植烟土壤肥力分级评价及其空间可视化的目标，进而为洱海流域烟田养分分区管理、平衡施肥、农业面源污染防控等提供科学依据。【方法】以2011—2013年、2018年和2020年洱海流域植烟区964个土壤样品为研究对象，采用地统计学和地理信息系统（Geographic Information Systems,GIS）技术探究养分的时空变异特征和区域分布格局，并采用Fuzzy综合评价法对植烟区土壤肥力进行定量评价。【结果】2011—2020年洱海流域植烟土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾的均值为7.3、59.6 g·kg^-1、3.5 g·kg^-1、54.4 mg·kg^-1、192.0mg·kg^-1，均表现为中等变异。植烟土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量丰富，丰缺等级处于中上等级及以上的区域面积占比分别为85.2%、93.8%、94.5%及78.8%，存在明显的区域变异性。植烟土壤肥力处于Ⅰ—Ⅴ级的区域面积占比分别为8.4%、25.0%、40.3%、23.3%、3.0%。洱海流域植烟土壤整体偏碱性，pH值呈现出洱海北部高于南部的现状；有机质和全氮含量高值区主要分布于洱海北部和西部；有效磷含量高值区以斑块状分布在洱海北部、东部和西部；速效钾含量高值区呈片状分布在洱海北部和东部。【结论】洱海流域植烟土壤整体肥力较高，Ⅲ级及以上高肥力区主要分布在洱海北部和东部。同时，洱海北部和西部植烟土壤氮磷元素含量丰富，区域内存在农业面源污染风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】By studying the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of tobacco-planting soil nutrients in Erhai Lake Basin（ELB）, the objective of grading evaluation and spatial visualization of tobacco-planting soil fertility in this region was achieved, so as to provide a scientific basis for the nutrient management, balanced fertilization, and the control of agricultural non-point source pollution of tobacco-planting areas in ELB.【Method】Based on the 964 tobacco-planting soil samples in ELB collected in 2011-2013, 2018 and 2020, this study explored the spatial-temporal variability of nutrients and regional distribution patterns by using Geostatistics, Geographic Information Systems（GIS） technology, and Fuzzy integrated fertility index method to quantify the soil fertility in tobacco-planting areas. 【Result】The average values of soil pH, soil organic matter（SOM）, total nitrogen（TN）, Olsen-P（AP） and available potassium（AK） of tobacco-planting soil in ELB were 7.3, 59.6 g·kg^-1, 3.5 g·kg^-1, 54.4 mg·kg^-1, and 192.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively, all of which belonging to moderate variation. Tobacco-planting soil was rich in SOM, TN, AP and AK, and the proportions of areas within the upper-middle level accounted for 85.2%, 93.8%, 94.5% and 78.8%, respectively, showing obvious variation at regional scale. The area of tobacco-planting soil fertility were graded to five levels（from high to low: Ⅰ to Ⅴ）, which accounted for 8.4%, 25.0%, 40.3%, 23.3% and 3.0%, respectively. The pH of tobacco-planting soil was relatively alkaline in ELB, which was higher in the northern than in the southern; the highest concentrations of SOM and TN occurred in the northern and the western region; the areas with high AP concentration were distributed in patches in the northern, eastern and western region of Erhai Lake; the areas with high AK concentration were distributed in flakes in the northern and eastern of Erhai Lake. 【Conclusion】Collectively, the fertility of the tobacco-growing soil in ELB was in high level, and the high-quality soil areas above grade Ⅲ were mainly distributed in the northern and eastern region. Meanwhile, the tobacco-planting soil in the northern and western Erhai Lake were rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and there was a risk of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region.更多还原