【摘要】 综述了植物表观遗传和果树芽变选种研究进展，深度解析芽变选种推动世界苹果和柑橘产业优质高效发展的经典案例，主要结果概述如下：（1）DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等引起的表观遗传，广泛参与了植物各种生长发育过程及逆境胁迫响应；（2）果树芽变选种是优中选优，具有高效性、重演性、稳定性、多样性、多效性、表观遗传特性和实效性等6个特点，目前已选出苹果和柑橘等果树芽变品种600余个；（3）针对‘富士’和‘元帅’苹果及脐橙和温州蜜柑两类果树4个品种存在的问题，采用持续多代芽变选种技术，育成了系列新品种，形成了庞大的品种群，成为产业主栽品种，推动了产业的优质高效发展。因此，将来应加强两方面的工作：一是进一步加强果树芽变机理研究，推进育种技术创新。二是进一步提升果树芽变选种创新性及其推动果树产业发展重要性的认识，采用孟德尔遗传与表观遗传、常规技术与分子技术及杂交育种和芽变选种有机结合的技术路线，加大果树芽变选种及杂交新品种优系选育研究力度，为果树产业高质量发展提供品种支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 This review summarized the research progress of plant epigenetics and fruit tree bud sports selection, and analyzed the classic cases of bud sports selection promoting the high-quality and efficient development of the word’s apple and citrus industries.The main results were summarized as follows:(1) Epigenetics caused by DNA methylation and histone modification, etc., was widely involved in various plant growth and development processes and adversity stress responses;(2) The selection of fruit tree bud sports was the best among the best. It had six characteristics, such as high efficiency, reproducibility, stability, diversity and pleiotropy, epigenetic characteristics, and practical effects. At present, more than 600 varieties of fruit tree bud sports have been selected, such as apples and citrus;(3) In response to the problems of the four varieties of Fuji, Delicious, Navel Oranges and Satsuma Mandarin, a series of new varieties have been bred using continuous multi-generation bud sports selection technology,forming a huge variety group and promoting the high-quality and efficient development of the industry. Therefore, two aspects should be further studied in the future: one is to further strengthen the mechanism of fruit tree bud sports and to promote the innovation of breeding technology; The second is to further enhance the awareness of the innovation of fruit tree bud sports selection and to further strengthen the understanding of the importance of the fruit tree industry, and the technical route of combining Mendelian inheritance and epigenetic inheritance should be adopt, combining conventional and molecular technology as well as hybrid breeding and bud sports selection, so as to increase the research efforts of fruit tree bud sports selection and new varieties breeding, and provide varieties support for the high-quality development of the fruit tree industry.更多还原