【摘要】 为缓解井巷掘进速度低而产生的“采掘失衡”矛盾，笔者及所在课题组提出了3种新型掏槽爆破方法，即“准楔形复式+超深”掏槽爆破、“二阶二段”掏槽爆破和孔内分段掏槽爆破。本文对3种新方法的技术要点和破岩机理进行系统全面的介绍，同时给出了应用实例。这3种掏槽爆破方法主要通过先裂后掏——Ⅰ段爆破为Ⅱ段爆破提供新的自由面、空间补偿以减小底部岩石夹制作用，或改变炸药能量分配——调整岩石的抗爆力与炸药破岩能力的匹配关系，从而降低孔底部岩石的夹制作用，增加岩石的破碎程度。在理论上较传统的掏槽爆破方法具有明显的优越性。工程应用案例也表明，掏槽爆破新方法改善了爆破效果，提高了掘进效率，实用性强。具有推广应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to alleviate the contradiction of “mining imbalance” caused by low driving speed, the author and his research group proposed three improved new cutting blasting methods, namely “quasi wedge compound + ultra deep” cutting blasting, “Two stage and two section” cutting blasting and in hole segmented cutting blasting. In this paper, the technical points of the three new methods and the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting are introduced systematically and comprehensively. At the same time, the application examples are given. The three cutting blasting methods mainly provide new free surface and space compensation for the second section blasting through “first splitting and then cutting”-i.e. the first section blasting can reduce the rock clamping effect at the bottom of the hole, or “change the energy distribution of the explosive”, that is, change the matching relationship between the anti blasting force of the rock and the rock breaking ability of the explosive, so as to reduce the rock clamping effect at the bottom of the hole, It increases the degree of rock fragmentation. Compared with the traditional cut blasting method, it has obvious advantages in theory. The engineering application cases also show that these three cutting blasting methods improve the blasting effect and tunneling efficiency, and have strong practicability. It has the value of popularization and application.更多还原