【摘要】 反渗透(RO)技术广泛应用于海水淡化、自来水软化和各类废水处理，但是，在反渗透处理废水过程中存在膜污染的问题，从而，严重影响过滤效率阻碍反渗透膜技术推广。为了研究、控制膜污染问题，科学工作者进行了大量的研究和实践，发表大量文献。本文基于反渗透膜污染的文献整理得出以下观点：(1)在处理废水过程中，不同的废水具有不同的污染组分，会引起不同的污染现象。(2)膜污染的类型复杂，可归纳为生物污染、有机污染、无机污染和胶体污染，其中，生物污染对膜污染的贡献最大。(3)通过废水预处理、膜清洗和表面改性等方法，可以控制RO膜污染；特别是采用生物处理法去除废水中的大部分有机物，有利于减少生物效应，从而减少RO膜污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reverse osmosis (RO) technology is widely used in seawater desalination,drinking water production and various types of wastewater treatment.However,treating wastewater by RO systems faces the problem of membrane fouling,which strongly affects the RO filtration efficiency and hinders the popularization of reverse osmosis membrane technology.In order to study and control the problem of membrane fouling,scientists have carried out a lot of research and practice,published a lot of literature.Therefore,based on the literature on RO membrane fouling in treating wastewater,obtaining conclusions that:(1) Membrane fouling is unavoidable due to different wastewater contains different types of pollutants,which can cause different pollution phenomena.(2) The types of membrane fouling are complex,which can be summarized as biological pollution,organic pollution,inorganic pollution and colloidal pollution.Where,biological fouling contributes the most to membrane fouling.(3) It can control RO membrane fouling by the methods of pretreatment,membrane cleaning and surface modification.Especially,a pretreatment to remove the most organic matters in wastewater by biological treatment is conducive to reducing biological actions,and thereby,reduce RO membrane pollution.更多还原