【摘要】 为了发掘贵州旱稻抗稻瘟病种质资源并提高抗源的利用价值，本研究以种质库和近年田间收集的旱稻为研究材料，通过室内人工接种鉴定，结合自然病圃鉴定，对供试材料的稻瘟病抗性进行综合评价。对人工接种表现为中抗以上材料的株高、生育期、单株有效穗数等8个主要农艺性状，以标准化变量的欧氏距离作为统计量，采用离差平方和法进行聚类分析和评述。人工接种鉴定结果表明，大部分材料感稻瘟病，其中高感材料有155份，占鉴定材料的58.3%,综合抗性表现为中抗及以上的抗源有38份，占鉴定材料的14.3%。进一步开展自然病圃鉴定，筛选出GUR 011(旱高糯)、GUR 033(旱香糯)等13份对稻瘟病抗性表现为中抗及以上的材料，其中收集材料占53.85%,说明通过长期自然选择，地方旱稻种质保留了较好的稻瘟病抗性。8个主要农艺性状的聚类把38份抗源划分为两个大类，其中第一类为生育期较长、植株较高、有效分蘖相对较少、穗型偏大、千粒重和单株产量偏低，该类群旱稻种质具有大穗多粒、少分蘖、植株高大等特点。第二类中的第一亚类属中穗大粒型，结实率高，平均结实率84.9%,同时有效分蘖较多，用于品种选育的产量潜力较大。综合筛选出结实率高(GUR 011、GUR 258)、大穗大粒(GUR 105、GUR 194)、分蘖力强(GUR 194、GUR 259)和单株产量达30 g以上(GUR 033、GUR 171)的旱稻抗病种质8份供育种利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the rice blast resistance germplasm resources of Guizhou upland rice and improve the utilization value of rice blast resistance sources, this study took upland rice germplasm bank and field collected in recent years as the research materials, through indoor artificial inoculation identification, combined with natural disease nursery identification, to evaluate the rice blast resistance of the tested materials. Eight main agronomic traits, including plant height, growth period and effective panicle number per plant, which were artificially inoculated with medium resistance and above materials, were analyzed and reviewed by using the Euclidean distance of standardized variable as statistic. The results of inoculation showed that most of the materials were susceptible to rice blast, among which 155 were highly susceptible, accounting for 58.3%, and 38 were moderately resistant or above, accounting for 14.3%. Thirteen materials, such as GUR 011(Hangaonuo) and GUR 033(Hanxiangnuo), showed moderate blast resistance or above, and 53.85% of them were collected, indicating that local upland rice germplasm retained good blast resistance through long-term natural selection. According to the clustering of 8 main agronomic traits, 38 resistant sources were divided into two categories, among which the first group was characterized by longer growth period, higher plants, less effective tillers, larger panicle type, lower 1 000-grain weight and lower yield per plant. The upland rice germplasm of this group was characterized by large panicle and more grains, less tillers, and tall plants. The first subclass of the second type was the middle-panicle large-grain type, with high seed setting rate, average seed setting rate of 84.9%, and more effective tillers, which had greater yield potential for variety breeding. Eight resistant germplasm of upland rice with high seed setting rate(GUR 011, GUR 258), large panicle, large grain(GUR 105, GUR 194), strong tillering ability(GUR 194, GUR 259) and yield per plant more than 30 g(GUR 033, GUR 171) were selected for breeding.更多还原