【摘要】 【目的】通过对盐肤木开花规律、开花期、蜜蜂采集习性及蜜腺和花粉超微结构的研究，以评价其蜜源价值，丰富盐肤木蜜源的理论研究，为其开发利用提供依据。【方法】调查重庆市彭水县、贵州省纳雍县盐肤木的开花规律、开花期、蜜蜂采集习性等，对数据进行统计分析；对蜜腺和花粉样品采用扫描电镜进行超微结构的研究。【结果】彭水、纳雍盐肤木花期为8～9月，雌花单花7～9 d、雄花单花5～7 d，局部区域单株花期长，其花期随海拔下降而推迟，不同的海拔使盐肤木花期得以延续，一些地区总体花期可达2个月左右；雌、雄花均有泌蜜孔，雌花在子房颜色玫红且柱头黄色时泌蜜孔开口最大(21.25 μm~2)，雄花从花瓣未下卷时到花瓣下卷后蜜腺不断长大，开口面积分别为18.23 μm~2和23.19 μm~2。盐肤木花粉嫩黄色，赤道面观如卵形，花粉大小约38.93(31.99～46.13)μm×20.53(18.07～23.89)μm，具3条萌发沟，沟长达两极。中蜂在盐肤木花期出巢及携粉回巢高峰是11:00时，回巢高峰是11∶00时至12∶00时；雌花在13∶00时、雄花在10∶00时至11∶00时访花蜜蜂数量达到峰值，访花蜜蜂数量达到高峰；蜜蜂采集盐肤木花粉的最适温度为26.10 ℃～27.10 ℃，最适湿度为60.77%～67.43%。【结论】盐肤木单株花期及整体花期长，雌、雄花均具有较强的吸引蜜蜂的能力，12点之前在雄花序上的采集蜂更多。盐肤木蜜粉丰富、蜜蜂喜采，是彭水、纳雍地区的秋季主要蜜粉源植物。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Purpose】Through the study of flowering regular,anthesis,honeybees foraging habit and the ultrastructure of nectary and pollen of R.chinensis,the value of nectar plant was evaluated and the theoretical research was enriched,so as to provide the basis for its development and utilization.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Pengshui County of Chongqing City and Nayong County of Guizhou Province.The contents were to investigate the flowering regular,anthesis and honeybees foraging habit of R.chinensis,and the data were statistically analyzed.The nectary and pollen samples were collected,and the ultrastructure of nectary and pollen was photographed by scanning electron microscope.The related data were measured and analyzed statistically.【Result】The anthesis of R.chinensis in Pengshui and Nayong was mainly from August to September.The anthesis of female and male single flower were 7～9 d and 5～7 d,respectively.The anthesis of single plant and some areas were long,and delayed with the decline of altitude.Different altitudes make anthesis of R.chinensis continue,and the overall anthesis in some areas can reach about 2 months.Both female and male flowers have nectar holes.When ovary color rosy red and stigma yellow,the opening of nectar hole was the largest (21.25 μm~2).The nectaries of male flowers grow continuously from petals opened to roll down,and the opening areas were 18.23 μm~2 and 23.19 μm~2 respectively.The pollen of R.chinensis was bright yellow,oval in equatorial view,and the size was about 38.93 (31.99 ～ 46.13) μm × 20.53 (18.07～23.89)μm.There were 3 germination grooves,which were up to two poles.The peak of honeybees (Apis cerana cerana) out of the nest and carrying pollen back during the anthesis was 11∶00,and the peak of back to the nest was 11∶00 to 12∶00.The number of visiting bees reached the peak at 13∶00 for female flowers and 10∶00 to 11∶00 for male flowers.The optimum temperature and humidity for foraging R.chinensis pollen were 26.10℃～ 27.10℃,60.77 %～ 67.43%,respectively.【Conclusion】The anthesis of R.chinensis in local area and single plant are long,female and male flowers both have strong ability to attract honeybees,and more honeybees attracted by male inflorescence before 12∶00.R.chinensis has rich nectar and pollon,and honeybees like to forage.It is a major nectar and pollen plant in Pengshui and Nayong in autumn.更多还原