【摘要】 多元复合稀土钨电极作为替代钍钨电极的无辐射钨电极材料，其应用受到社会的广泛关注，但二者生产过程的环境影响并未开展定量评价。研究采用生命周期评价（LCA）的方法对多元复合稀土钨电极和钍钨电极从“摇篮”到“大门”的资源能源消耗和污染物排放进行研究，功能单位定义为分别生产1 t直径2.4 mm多元复合稀土钨电极和钍钨电极。结果表明，两种钨电极的环境热点均为上游原料阶段钨粉和氧化钨，分别占总环境影响的78.56%和55.15%；在工艺链中环境热点为烧结工艺，分别占总环境影响的9.50%和32.30%。两种钨电极的环境影响比较结果显示，相比于钍钨电极，多元复合稀土钨电极可降低35.81%的总环境影响，具有环境优势。对两种钨电极资源消耗、能源消耗和温室气体排放3类环境影响类型贡献结构进行分析，结果显示上游原料对这3类指标贡献较为突出。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multi-element composite rare earth tungsten electrode, as a non-radiation tungsten electrode material to replace thorium tungsten electrode, has been widely concerned by the society, but the environmental impact of their production processes has not been quantitatively evaluated. The life cycle assessment(LCA) method was used to study the resource and energy consumption and pollutant emission of multicomponent composite rare earth tungsten electrode and thorium tungsten electrode from cradle to gate. The functional unit was defined as the production of 1 t diameter 2.4mm multicomponent composite rare earth tungsten electrode and thorium tungsten electrode respectively. The results show that the environmental hot spots of the two kinds of tungsten electrodes are tungsten powder and tungsten oxide in the upstream raw material stage, accounting for 78.56 % and 55.15 % of the total environmental impact respectively. The environmental hotspot in the process chain is sintering process, which accounts for 9.50 % and 32.30 % of the total environmental impact respectively. The comparison of the environmental impact of two tungsten electrodes shows that compared with thorium tungsten electrode, the multi-element composite rare earth tungsten electrode can reduce the total environmental impact by 35.81 %, which has environmental advantages. The contribution structure of two kinds of environmental impact types, namely tungsten electrode resource consumption, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission, was analyzed. The results showed that the upstream raw materials made outstanding contributions to these three indicators.更多还原