【摘要】 目的：建立可进行个性化评估的中国3～6岁幼儿体质生长标准曲线和评分标准，优化“2003年标准”。方法：1）以2010年和2014年国民体质监测的101 861名幼儿体质数据为建模对象，采用包含中位数、标准差、峰度和偏度4个参数的GAMLSS模型构建百分位标准曲线。2）以5分制划分各体质指标评分等级，并运用插值法制定各等级内的连续性评分方程。3）运用一组独立测试的数据对所建模型进行回代检验和评分实验。结果：1）得到各体质指标的最优分布模型、百分位标准曲线和Z分标准值，模型的拟合优度和有效性检验结果较优。2）制定5分制等级评分标准和等级内连续性评分方程；评分实验表明，新标准同时可以得到等级分和精准的个性化评分。结论：新标准改善了“2003年标准”在纵向维度和横截面维度上非连续、波动大、等级间突变等问题，提供可进行个性化体质评价的方法和标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To establish a standard curve and scoring standard for a personalized assessment of the physical fitness of children aged 3 to 6 years old, and to optimize the “2003Standard”. Methods: 1) The physical fitness data of 101 861 children obtained from the National Physical Fitness Monitoring in 2010 and 2014 are used as modeling objects. The percentile standard curve is constructed using the GAMLSS model with four parameters: Median, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness. 2) The grades of the physical fitness index are divided by a 5-point grading system, and the continuity scoring equation in each grade is established by the interpolation method. 3) A set of independent test data is used to carry out the back-generation test and scoring experiment on the proposed model. Results: 1) The optimal distribution model, percentile standard curve, and Z-score standard value of each physical fitness index are developed,and the goodness-of-fit and validity test results of the model are superior. 2) A five-point grading system and an intra-grade continuity scoring equation are developed. The scoring experiment shows that the new standard can yield grade and accurate personalized scores. Conclusions: The new standard improves the discontinuities, large fluctuations, and intra-grade mutations of the “2003 standard” in the longitudinal and cross-sectional dimensions, and provides methods and standards for personalized physical fitness evaluation.更多还原