【摘要】 目的：探讨青少年7人制橄榄球运动员（以下简称“球员”）灵敏表现与感知决策、冲刺速度和下肢肌肉特征的关系。方法：选取30名上海市球员（14男，16女）为研究对象，通过Y灵敏（Y reactive agility）、Y变向（Y pre-planned agility）、30 m冲刺、反向跳（countermovement jump, CMJ）、静蹲跳（static jump, SJ）、下落跳（drop jump, DJ）和等长大腿中部拉（isometric mid-thigh pull, IMTP）测试分别对其灵敏、感知决策、速度、下肢爆发力和下肢力量进行测评。结果：1）球员的灵敏表现与感知决策能力呈非常高度正相关（r=0.748,P<0.01），与0～5、0～10和0～30 m冲刺表现呈高度正相关（r=0.536～0.641,P<0.01），与CMJ高度、SJ高度、DJ高度和反应力量指数（reactive strength index, RSI）呈高度到非常高度负相关（r=-0.547～-0.729,P<0.01），与峰值力，相对峰值力，在0～100、0～150、0～200、0～250和0～300 ms时间段的相对体质量肌肉发力率（rate of force development, RFD）呈中度到高度负相关（r=-0.405～-0.576,P<0.05）;2）在感知决策、冲刺速度、下肢爆发力和0～300 ms相对体质量RFD指标中表现优异的球员可取得较优的灵敏表现（P<0.05）;3）感知决策和10 m冲刺是预测球员灵敏表现的关键变量（R2=83.20%,P<0.01）。结论：感知决策、短距离直线冲刺、跳跃和0～300 ms RFD能力的增强会对球员的灵敏表现产生积极作用，尤其是将感知决策和10 m冲刺练习纳入训练计划对于提升球员的灵敏表现至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To explore the relationship between decision making, sprint speed, lower limb muscle characteristics, and agility performance in youth rugby sevens(hereinafter referred to as “players”). Methods: Thirty Shanghai youth players(14 males, 16 females) are selected as the investigation objects. The Y reactive agility, Y pre-planned agility, 30 m sprint, countermovement jump(CMJ), static jump(SJ), drop jump(DJ), and the isometric mid-thigh pull(IMTP) tests are conducted to respectively measure agility, decision-making, speed, lower limb power, and lower limb strength. Results: 1) Players’ agility performance is very highly positively correlated with decision-making ability(r=0.748, P<0.01), highly positively correlated with 0—5, 0—10, and 0—30 m sprint performance(r=0.536—0.641, P<0.01), highly to very highly negatively correlated with CMJ height, SJ height, DJ height, and reactive strength index(RSI)(r=-0.547—-0.729, P<0.01), and moderately to highly negatively correlated with peak force,relative peak force, and relative rate of force development(RFD) at 0—100, 0—150, 0—200,0—250, and 0—300 ms(r=-0.405—-0.576, P<0.05); 2) players who excel in decision making, sprint speed, lower limb power and 0—300 ms relative body mass RFD index get better agility performance(P<0.05); 3) decision making and 10 m sprint are key variables to predict players’ agility performance(R2=83.20%, P<0.01). Conclusions: The enhancement of decisionmaking ability, sprint, jump, and 0—300 ms RFD ability has a positive effect on players’ agility performance, especially the inclusion of decision-making and 10 m sprint practice in the training program is crucial to improve players’ agility performance.更多还原