【摘要】 甜菜是制糖的原料之一，在我国已有 100多年的种植历史。调查发现甜菜种植已实现规模化，户均种植面积达到了 18.27 hm~2，种植密度平均达到了 7.40万株/hm~2，产量平均达到了 60.94 t/hm~2，含糖率平均为 15.37%；甜菜综合机械化水平为 88.39%，耕整地机械化水平为 97.01%，播种机械化水平为88.87%，田间管理机械化水平为 90.88%，收获机械化水平达到 81.77%；甜菜主要竞争作物玉米、向日葵、马铃薯、大豆和棉花综合机械化水平分别为 90.51%、74.86%、80.38%、96.93% 和 69.50%，玉米是甜菜最重要的竞争作物，玉米机械化水平高于甜菜 2.12 个百分点，对甜菜种植影响较大；甜菜机械化模式主要以自有机械作业加代耕模式为主，也有部分甜菜种植采用自有机械作业模式或代耕模式。尽管我国甜菜生产机械化整体达到了较高水平，但这种高水平是建立在低质量国产甜菜生产机械基础上的，大量国产甜菜生产机械结构简单、自动化程度低、质量不高、作业精度差、损失率高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sugar beet is one of the raw materials for sugar production, which has been planted for more than 100years in China. The investigation showed that sugar beet planting was on a large scale, with mean household of18.27 hm~2, planting density of 74 000 plants/hm~2, yield of 60.94 t/hm~2, and sugar content of 15.37%; The comprehensive mechanization rate was 88.39% for sugar beet, including the rates of 97.01%, 88.87%, 90.88% and81.77% for tillage and land preparation, sowing, field management and harvesting, respectively; The comprehensive mechanization rates of corn, sunflower, potato, soybean and cotton were 90.51%, 74.86%, 80.38%, 96.93%and 69.50%, respectively. Corn was the most important competitive crop to sugar beet, and the mechanization level of corn was 2.12 percentage points higher than sugar beet, which has a great impact on sugar beet planting Beet mechanization mode was mainly self-owned machines operation and substitute farming mode, and some sugar beet farmers adopt self-owned machines operation mode or substitute farming mode. Although the mechanization of sugar beet production reached a high level in China, this high level was based on low-quality domestic sugar beet machines. A large number of domestic sugar beet machines had simple structure, low automation degree low quality, poor operation accuracy and high loss rate.更多还原