【摘要】 秋免耕是中国北方风蚀区农田保护性耕作的主要措施，对土壤风蚀的抑制作用已得到普遍验证，但对土壤性质的影响还缺乏足够认识，是否具有保墒作用还存在争议。以地处北方农牧交错带的河北坝上地区康保县作为典型研究区，采用野外调查取样和室内实验分析手段，通过比较秋免耕地与邻近秋翻耕地风蚀前后表层土壤理化性质变化的差异，研究秋免耕对土壤理化性质的影响，探究其保土保水保肥作用。结果表明：与秋翻耕地相比，秋免耕地风蚀量平均降低了73.23%，耕作层土壤含水率平均提高了11.93%，反映出秋免耕具有较强的保土作用和一定的保水作用。同时，秋免耕地通过减少土壤风蚀降低了富含养分的细颗粒损失，使年内表层土壤粉粒含量平均提高0.27%，沙粒含量平均降低0.35%，有机质和全氮含量分别平均增加5.63%、1.14%，说明免耕具有抑制土壤进一步沙化、贫瘠化的作用。在坝上地区农田实施秋免耕不仅具有保土作用，还具有保水保肥作用。长期坚持实施免耕留茬保护性耕作，对防止土壤土地沙化、贫瘠化，改善农业生产条件具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 No-tillage in autumn is one of the main farmland conservation tillage measures in wind erosion area of northern China. Its inhibitory effect on soil wind erosion has been widely verified,but its effect on soil properties and moisture is still controversial. Therefore,taking Kangbao county,in Bashang district,as a typical area of agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China,by field sampling and comparing the differences in topsoil properties between no-tillage in autumn and nearby tillage before and after wind erosion season,the effect of no-tillage in autumn on soil physical and chemical properties as well as its impact on soil fertilizer and moisture were studied in the paper. The results showed that,compared with tillage farmlands,the average soil loss of no-tillage of farmlands by wind erosion decreased by 73.23% and average soil moisture content increased 11.93%,reflecting the protective effect of no-till on soil and moisture. Compared with autumn tillage,no-tillage decreased the loss of fertile fine particles by preventing soil from wind erosion. The average contents of silt in no-tillage by increased0.27%,sand decreased by 0.35% and the average content of nutrients such as organic matter and total nitrogen increased by 5.63% and 1.14% respectively within a year. Hence,no-tillage could inhibit the further desertification and barrenness of soil. The results suggested that the enforcement of no-tillage in autumn not only has the effect of soil conservation,but also has the effect of soil moisture and fertilizer conservation in Bashang area. The longterm enforcement of the no-tillage stubble measures plays an important role in inhibiting desertification and barrenness of soil and is of great significance in improving agricultural production conditions.更多还原