【摘要】 本文对新中国成立以来科技体制演变的六大不同阶段进行系统性归纳，并重点对演变特征与本质进行分析。中国科技体制改革演变过程中始终坚持以服务国家重大需求、服务社会经济发展、建设世界科技强国为改革目标，始终坚持以激活科研人员活力为改革重点，并呈现出由微观运行机制突破转向宏观国家创新体系建设的变化特征。科技体制的改革助力中国科技实力提升，但仍存在创新体系整体效能不高、科技投入产出效益较低等问题。本文针对问题展开思考，为深化科技体制改革提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article systematically summarizes six different stages of China’s Science and Technology(S&T)system since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and focuses on the analysis of evolution characteristics and essence specifically.During the evolution of S&T,it has always adhered to the reform goals of serving the country’s major needs, serving social and economic development, and building a powerful S&T country in the world, and always adhered to active the vitality of scientific research personnel as the reform focus.On the other hand, it has shown the characteristics of change from the micro-operation mechanism modification to the construction of macro-national innovation system.The reform of the S&T system has boosted China’s S&T strength, but there are still problems such as low efficiency of the overall innovation system and low efficiency of S&T input and output.The article probes into these problems and puts forward suggestions for deepening the reform of the S&T system.更多还原